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Epigenetics and the placenta

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TLDR
Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation and appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD.
Abstract
results: Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation. Epigenetic marks, like DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, affect gene expression patterns. These expression patterns, including the important parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression resulting from genomic imprinting, play a pivotal role in proper fetal and placental development. Disturbed placental epigenetics has been demonstrated in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age, and also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD. Several environmental effects have been investigated so far, e.g. ethanol, oxygen tension as well as the effect of several aspects of assisted reproduction technologies on placental epigenetics. conclusions: Studies in both animals and humans have made it increasingly clear that proper epigenetic regulation of both imprinted and non-imprinted genes is important in placental development. Its disturbance, which can be caused by various environmental factors, can lead to abnormal placental development and function with possible consequences for maternal morbidity, fetal development and disease susceptibility in later life.

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Impacts of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate exposures on epigenetic outcomes in the human placenta.

TL;DR: Research linking BPA or phthalate exposure to placental outcomes in human pregnancies is summarized, with a particular focus on epigenetic endpoints and more studies should consider sex differences (termed “placental sex”) in the measured outcomes.
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Childhood outcomes of assisted reproductive technology

TL;DR: Although an increased risk of cancer among ART children has been reported, the role of ART in the development of cancer has not been demonstrated and further research and ongoing surveillance of ART children is essential to better understand the possible effects of ART on the long-term health of this population.
Journal ArticleDOI

Roles of Melatonin in Fetal Programming in Compromised Pregnancies

TL;DR: The physiological function of melatonin in pregnancy is described and the roles of Melatonin in fetal programming in compromised pregnancies are discussed, focusing on its involvement in redox and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Best practices of ASRM and ESHRE: a journey through reproductive medicine

TL;DR: For the first time, ASRM and ESHRE held a joint meeting where a special emphasis was given to presentations on the hottest topics in the field.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fetal growth and risk of childhood asthma and allergic disease

TL;DR: Early genetic and environmental factors have been discussed as potential causes for the high prevalence of asthma and allergic disease in the western world, and knowledge on fetal growth and its consequence on future health and disease development is emerging.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory

TL;DR: The heritability of methylation states and the secondary nature of the decision to invite or exclude methylation support the idea that DNA methylation is adapted for a specific cellular memory function in development.
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DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that two recently identified DNA methyltransferases, DnMT3a and Dnmt3b, are essential for de novo methylation and for mouse development and play important roles in normal development and disease.
Book

Vitamin D

TL;DR: In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the vitamin d the calcium homeostatic steroid hormone book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality.

TL;DR: Results indicate that while a 3-fold reduction in levels of genomic m5C has no detectable effect on the viability or proliferation of ES cells in culture, a similar reduction of DNA methylation in embryos causes abnormal development and embryonic lethality.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Transcriptional Landscape of the Mammalian Genome

Piero Carninci, +197 more
- 02 Sep 2005 - 
TL;DR: Detailed polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.
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