scispace - formally typeset
Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Epigenetics and the placenta

Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation and appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD.
Abstract
results: Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation. Epigenetic marks, like DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, affect gene expression patterns. These expression patterns, including the important parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression resulting from genomic imprinting, play a pivotal role in proper fetal and placental development. Disturbed placental epigenetics has been demonstrated in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age, and also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD. Several environmental effects have been investigated so far, e.g. ethanol, oxygen tension as well as the effect of several aspects of assisted reproduction technologies on placental epigenetics. conclusions: Studies in both animals and humans have made it increasingly clear that proper epigenetic regulation of both imprinted and non-imprinted genes is important in placental development. Its disturbance, which can be caused by various environmental factors, can lead to abnormal placental development and function with possible consequences for maternal morbidity, fetal development and disease susceptibility in later life.

read more

Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

Epigenetic modifications working in the decidualization and endometrial receptivity.

TL;DR: This review will focus on the epigenetic modifications in decidualization and open novel avenues to predict and treat the pregnancy complications caused by abnormal decidUALization.
Journal ArticleDOI

Ten-eleven translocation 2 demethylates the MMP9 promoter, and its down-regulation in preeclampsia impairs trophoblast migration and invasion

TL;DR: A critical role of TET2 in regulating trophoblast cell migration through demethylation at the MMP9 promoter region is highlighted, and down-regulation of the TET1–MMP9–mediated pathway contributes to preeclampsia pathogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fetal growth restriction and methylation of growth-related genes in the placenta

TL;DR: It was demonstrated that placental DNA methylation levels of IGF2, AHRR, HSD11B2 and WNT2 were associated with measures of fetal growth.
Journal ArticleDOI

Placental hypoxia and foetal development versus alcohol exposure in pregnancy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the causes of variability in the effect of maternal drinking on the foetus, with particular reference to the pattern, frequency and duration of the period of drinking, differences in maternal, foetal and placental metabolism of ethanol/acet- aldehyde, and genetic factors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Up-regulated expression and aberrant DNA methylation of LEP and SH3PXD2A in pre-eclampsia.

TL;DR: The results indicated the aberrant LEP promoter methylation was involved in the development of PE, and it was speculated that SH3PXD2A may take part in the pathogenesis of PE through its role in the regulation of trophoblast cell invasion in the period of placenta formation.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI

DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory

TL;DR: The heritability of methylation states and the secondary nature of the decision to invite or exclude methylation support the idea that DNA methylation is adapted for a specific cellular memory function in development.
Journal ArticleDOI

DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that two recently identified DNA methyltransferases, DnMT3a and Dnmt3b, are essential for de novo methylation and for mouse development and play important roles in normal development and disease.
Book

Vitamin D

TL;DR: In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the vitamin d the calcium homeostatic steroid hormone book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality.

TL;DR: Results indicate that while a 3-fold reduction in levels of genomic m5C has no detectable effect on the viability or proliferation of ES cells in culture, a similar reduction of DNA methylation in embryos causes abnormal development and embryonic lethality.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Transcriptional Landscape of the Mammalian Genome

Piero Carninci, +197 more
- 02 Sep 2005 - 
TL;DR: Detailed polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.
Related Papers (5)