Epigenetics and the placenta
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TLDR
Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation and appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD.Abstract:
results: Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation. Epigenetic marks, like DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, affect gene expression patterns. These expression patterns, including the important parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression resulting from genomic imprinting, play a pivotal role in proper fetal and placental development. Disturbed placental epigenetics has been demonstrated in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age, and also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD. Several environmental effects have been investigated so far, e.g. ethanol, oxygen tension as well as the effect of several aspects of assisted reproduction technologies on placental epigenetics. conclusions: Studies in both animals and humans have made it increasingly clear that proper epigenetic regulation of both imprinted and non-imprinted genes is important in placental development. Its disturbance, which can be caused by various environmental factors, can lead to abnormal placental development and function with possible consequences for maternal morbidity, fetal development and disease susceptibility in later life.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Why do singletons conceived after assisted reproduction technology have adverse perinatal outcome? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Anja Pinborg,U.B. Wennerholm,L.B. Romundstad,Annika Loft,Kristiina Aittomäki,Viveca Söderström-Anttila,K.G. Nygren,J. Hazekamp,Christina Bergh +8 more
TL;DR: Subfertility is a major risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome in ART singletons, however, even in the same mother an ART singleton has a poorer outcome than the non-ART sibling; hence, factors related to the hormone stimulation and/or IVF methods per se also may play a part.
Journal ArticleDOI
Linking prenatal maternal adversity to developmental outcomes in infants: The role of epigenetic pathways
TL;DR: Evidence illustrating the association between maternal prenatal distress and both fetal and infant developmental trajectories and the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating these effects are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex-Specific Placental Responses in Fetal Development
TL;DR: Evidence that various species, including humans, exhibit normal sex-dependent structural and functional placental differences will be examined followed by how in utero environmental changes (nutritional state, stress, and exposure to environmental chemicals) might interact with fetal sex to affect this organ.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perinatal outcomes of children born after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a Nordic cohort study from the CoNARTaS group
Ulla-Britt Wennerholm,Anna-Karina Aaris Henningsen,Liv Bente Romundstad,Christina Bergh,Anja Pinborg,Rolv Skjærven,Julie Lyng Forman,Mika Gissler,Karl-Gösta Nygren,Aila Tiitinen +9 more
TL;DR: Singletons born after FET have a better perinatal outcome compared with singletons Born after fresh IVF and ICSI as regards low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), but a worse per inatal outcomeCompared with children conceived after spontaneous conception.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental epigenetics: prospects for studying epigenetic mediation of exposure–response relationships
Victoria K. Cortessis,Duncan C. Thomas,A. Joan Levine,Carrie V. Breton,Thomas M. Mack,Kimberly D. Siegmund,Robert W. Haile,Peter W. Laird +7 more
TL;DR: Some of the challenges in studying epigenetic mediation of pathogenesis are discussed and some unique opportunities for exploring these phenomena are described.
References
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Essential role of Mash-2 in extraembryonic development.
François Guillemot,François Guillemot,Andras Nagy,Anna Auerbach,Janet Rossant,Janet Rossant,Alexandra L. Joyner,Alexandra L. Joyner +7 more
TL;DR: Mash-2 is the first transcription factor shown to play a critical part in the development of the mammalian trophoblast lineage and rescued this placental mutant phenotype by constructing chimaeras with tetraploid wild-type embryos which contribute almost exclusively to extraembryonic tissues.
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Inherited microdeletions in the Angelman and Prader-Willi syndromes define an imprinting centre on human chromosome 15.
Karin Buiting,Shinji Saitoh,Shinji Saitoh,Stephanie Gross,Bärbel Dittrich,Stuart Schwartz,Stuart Schwartz,Robert D. Nicholls,Robert D. Nicholls,Bernhard Horsthemke +9 more
TL;DR: A subset of patients with Angelman and Prader–Willi syndrome have apparently normal chromosomes of biparental origin, but abnormal DMA methylation at several loci within chromosome 15q11–13, and probably have a defect in imprinting.
Journal ArticleDOI
MicroRNA expression detected by oligonucleotide microarrays: System establishment and expression profiling in human tissues
Omer Barad,Eti Meiri,Amir Avniel,Ranit Aharonov,Adi Barzilai,Isaac Bentwich,Uri Einav,Shlomit Gilad,Patrick Hurban,Yael Karov,Edward K. Lobenhofer,Eilon Sharon,Yoel M. Shiboleth,Marat Shtutman,Zvi Bentwich,Paz Einat +15 more
TL;DR: The established MIR-specific oligonucleotide microarray system that enables efficient analysis of the expression of the human MIRs identified so far is established, and novel data on MIR expression in thymus, testes, and placenta is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Culture of Preimplantation Mouse Embryos Affects Fetal Development and the Expression of Imprinted Genes
TL;DR: Whether culture of preimplantation mouse embryos in a chemically defined medium with or without fetal calf serum (FCS) can affect their subsequent development and imprinted gene expression is determined.
Book ChapterDOI
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
R. S. Freedman,Guillermo Tortolero-Luna,Dilip K. Pandey,Anais Malpica,V. V. Baker,L. Whittaker,E. Johnson,M. F. Mitchell +7 more
TL;DR: Patients who have undergone chemotherapy do not seem to experience an increase in the risk for congenital anomalies in their offspring and patients with a history of hydatidiform molar pregnancy should be advised that they are at increased risk of future molar pregnancies.