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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Epigenetics and the placenta

TLDR
Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation and appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD.
Abstract
results: Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation. Epigenetic marks, like DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, affect gene expression patterns. These expression patterns, including the important parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression resulting from genomic imprinting, play a pivotal role in proper fetal and placental development. Disturbed placental epigenetics has been demonstrated in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age, and also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD. Several environmental effects have been investigated so far, e.g. ethanol, oxygen tension as well as the effect of several aspects of assisted reproduction technologies on placental epigenetics. conclusions: Studies in both animals and humans have made it increasingly clear that proper epigenetic regulation of both imprinted and non-imprinted genes is important in placental development. Its disturbance, which can be caused by various environmental factors, can lead to abnormal placental development and function with possible consequences for maternal morbidity, fetal development and disease susceptibility in later life.

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Book ChapterDOI

Placental Development and Nutritional Environment.

TL;DR: The current knowledge of the placenta and the epigenome is discussed and the effects of nutrition during pregnancy on the pl pregnant woman and the fetus and on the offspring after birth are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI

Vitrified-warmed single-embryo transfers may be associated with increased maternal complications compared with fresh single-embryo transfers

TL;DR: Vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfer (SBT) might be associated with increased feto-maternal complications, and perinatal complications were calculated for clinical pregnancies with known outcomes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Intrauterine hyperglycemia induces intergenerational Dlk1-Gtl2 methylation changes in mouse placenta.

TL;DR: It is suggested that intrauterine hyperglycemia decreased placental weight in the first generation, and this was transmitted paternally to the second generation in mice, and Dlk1-Gtl2 expression due to DNA methylation in first and second generation mice.
Journal ArticleDOI

Downregulation of miR-424 in placenta is associated with severe preeclampsia.

TL;DR: Investigation in placental samples of severe preeclampsia and uncomplicated pregnancy patients found expression of miR-424 was significantly lower in patients with sPE than in healthy controls, suggesting its role in the pathology of sPE.
Journal ArticleDOI

The promoter methylomes of monochorionic twin placentas reveal intrauterine growth restriction-specific variations in the methylation patterns

TL;DR: This work demonstrated that the IUGR placental shares harboured a distinct DNA hypomethylation pattern and that the methylation variations preferentially occurred in CpG island shores or non-CpG Island promoters, and speculated that DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation might serve a functional role during in utero foetal development.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

DNA methylation patterns and epigenetic memory

TL;DR: The heritability of methylation states and the secondary nature of the decision to invite or exclude methylation support the idea that DNA methylation is adapted for a specific cellular memory function in development.
Journal ArticleDOI

DNA methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are essential for de novo methylation and mammalian development.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that two recently identified DNA methyltransferases, DnMT3a and Dnmt3b, are essential for de novo methylation and for mouse development and play important roles in normal development and disease.
Book

Vitamin D

TL;DR: In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the vitamin d the calcium homeostatic steroid hormone book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI

Targeted mutation of the DNA methyltransferase gene results in embryonic lethality.

TL;DR: Results indicate that while a 3-fold reduction in levels of genomic m5C has no detectable effect on the viability or proliferation of ES cells in culture, a similar reduction of DNA methylation in embryos causes abnormal development and embryonic lethality.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Transcriptional Landscape of the Mammalian Genome

Piero Carninci, +197 more
- 02 Sep 2005 - 
TL;DR: Detailed polling of transcription start and termination sites and analysis of previously unidentified full-length complementary DNAs derived from the mouse genome provide a comprehensive platform for the comparative analysis of mammalian transcriptional regulation in differentiation and development.
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