Epigenetics and the placenta
TLDR
Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation and appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD.Abstract:
results: Epigenetic regulation of the placenta evolves during preimplantation development and further gestation. Epigenetic marks, like DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs, affect gene expression patterns. These expression patterns, including the important parent-of-origin-dependent gene expression resulting from genomic imprinting, play a pivotal role in proper fetal and placental development. Disturbed placental epigenetics has been demonstrated in cases of intrauterine growth retardation and small for gestational age, and also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and GTD. Several environmental effects have been investigated so far, e.g. ethanol, oxygen tension as well as the effect of several aspects of assisted reproduction technologies on placental epigenetics. conclusions: Studies in both animals and humans have made it increasingly clear that proper epigenetic regulation of both imprinted and non-imprinted genes is important in placental development. Its disturbance, which can be caused by various environmental factors, can lead to abnormal placental development and function with possible consequences for maternal morbidity, fetal development and disease susceptibility in later life.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Why do singletons conceived after assisted reproduction technology have adverse perinatal outcome? Systematic review and meta-analysis
Anja Pinborg,U.B. Wennerholm,L.B. Romundstad,Annika Loft,Kristiina Aittomäki,Viveca Söderström-Anttila,K.G. Nygren,J. Hazekamp,Christina Bergh +8 more
TL;DR: Subfertility is a major risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome in ART singletons, however, even in the same mother an ART singleton has a poorer outcome than the non-ART sibling; hence, factors related to the hormone stimulation and/or IVF methods per se also may play a part.
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Linking prenatal maternal adversity to developmental outcomes in infants: The role of epigenetic pathways
TL;DR: Evidence illustrating the association between maternal prenatal distress and both fetal and infant developmental trajectories and the potential role of epigenetic mechanisms in mediating these effects are discussed.
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Sex-Specific Placental Responses in Fetal Development
TL;DR: Evidence that various species, including humans, exhibit normal sex-dependent structural and functional placental differences will be examined followed by how in utero environmental changes (nutritional state, stress, and exposure to environmental chemicals) might interact with fetal sex to affect this organ.
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Perinatal outcomes of children born after frozen-thawed embryo transfer: a Nordic cohort study from the CoNARTaS group
Ulla-Britt Wennerholm,Anna-Karina Aaris Henningsen,Liv Bente Romundstad,Christina Bergh,Anja Pinborg,Rolv Skjærven,Julie Lyng Forman,Mika Gissler,Karl-Gösta Nygren,Aila Tiitinen +9 more
TL;DR: Singletons born after FET have a better perinatal outcome compared with singletons Born after fresh IVF and ICSI as regards low birthweight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB), but a worse per inatal outcomeCompared with children conceived after spontaneous conception.
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Environmental epigenetics: prospects for studying epigenetic mediation of exposure–response relationships
Victoria K. Cortessis,Duncan C. Thomas,A. Joan Levine,Carrie V. Breton,Thomas M. Mack,Kimberly D. Siegmund,Robert W. Haile,Peter W. Laird +7 more
TL;DR: Some of the challenges in studying epigenetic mediation of pathogenesis are discussed and some unique opportunities for exploring these phenomena are described.
References
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Genomic Imprinting in Mammals: Emerging Themes and Established Theories
Andrew J. Wood,Rebecca J. Oakey +1 more
TL;DR: A group of small imprinted domains, which consist of paternally expressed genes embedded within introns of multiexonic transcripts, are focused on to discuss the evolution of imprinting at these loci.
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Placenta-specific Methylation of the Vitamin D 24-Hydroxylase Gene IMPLICATIONS FOR FEEDBACK AUTOREGULATION OF ACTIVE VITAMIN D LEVELS AT THE FETOMATERNAL INTERFACE
Boris Novakovic,Mandy Sibson,Hong Kiat Ng,Hong Kiat Ng,Ursula Manuelpillai,Vardhman K. Rakyan,Thomas A. Down,Stephan Beck,Thierry Fournier,D. Evain-Brion,Eva Dimitriadis,Jeffrey M. Craig,Jeffrey M. Craig,Ruth Morley,Ruth Morley,Richard Saffery,Richard Saffery +16 more
TL;DR: It is strongly suggested that epigenetic decoupling of vitamin D feedback catabolism plays an important role in maximizing active vitamin D bioavailability at the fetomaternal interface.
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Expression of VDR and CYP24A1 mRNA in human tumors.
TL;DR: The data suggest that the VDR signaling pathway may be compromised via the modulation of CYP24A1 and VDR in human tumors.
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Environmental and nutritional effects on the epigenetic regulation of genes.
TL;DR: This review summarises current knowledge of how the environment, nutrition, and ageing affect the way mammalian genes are organised and transcribed, without changes in the underlying DNA sequence.
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Non-conservation of mammalian preimplantation methylation dynamics
Nathalie Beaujean,Nathalie Beaujean,Geraldine M. Hartshorne,Jennifer Cavilla,Jane Taylor,John Gardner,Ian Wilmut,Richard R. Meehan,Lorraine E. Young +8 more
TL;DR: Non-conservation in the DNA methylation dynamics of the sheep embryo is demonstrated and it is suggested this challenges the perceived role ofDNA methylation in mammalian preimplantation development.