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Evolutionary origin of the turtle shell.

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TLDR
A model of shell assembly that makes predictions for the as-yet unestablished history of the turtle stem group is built on by integrating novel data for Eunotosaurus africanus, which is congruent with molecular-based divergence estimates for the lineage, and remains viable whether turtles originated inside or outside crown Diapsida.
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This article is published in Current Biology.The article was published on 2013-06-17 and is currently open access. It has received 107 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Turtle shell & Eunotosaurus.

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Three crocodilian genomes reveal ancestral patterns of evolution among archosaurs

Richard E. Green, +60 more
- 12 Dec 2014 - 
TL;DR: An exceptionally slow rate of genome evolution within crocodilians at all levels is observed, consistent with a single underlying cause of a reduced rate of evolutionary change rather than intrinsic differences in base repair machinery.
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A Middle Triassic stem-turtle and the evolution of the turtle body plan

TL;DR: A new reptile, Pappochelys, is reported that is structurally and chronologically intermediate between Eunotosaurus and Odontochelys and dates from the Middle Triassic period (∼240 million years ago), providing new evidence that the plastron partly formed through serial fusion of gastralia.
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The Origin and Early Evolution of Sauria: Reassessing the Permian Saurian Fossil Record and the Timing of the Crocodile-Lizard Divergence

TL;DR: A revision suggests a minimum fossil calibration date for the crocodile-lizard split of 254.7 Ma, and early archosauromorph growth strategies appear to be more diverse than previously suggested based on new data on the osteohistology of Aenigmastropheus.
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Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates

TL;DR: The distribution of Mesozoic marine reptile clades exhibit a cosmopolitan, or at least pandemic, distribution very early in their evolutionary history, and the acquisition of morphological adaptations to a fully aquatic life, combined to special thermophysiological characteristics, are probably responsible for these animals to become efficient long-distance open-marine cruisers as mentioned in this paper.
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Toward consilience in reptile phylogeny: miRNAs support an archosaur, not lepidosaur, affinity for turtles

TL;DR: This work recovers strong support for turtles sharing a more recent common ancestor with archosaurs, and tests the hypothesis with an expanded miRNA presence/absence dataset, and employs more rigorous criteria for miRNA annotation.
References
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Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap.

TL;DR: The recently‐developed statistical method known as the “bootstrap” can be used to place confidence intervals on phylogenies and shows significant evidence for a group if it is defined by three or more characters.
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MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models

TL;DR: MrBayes 3 performs Bayesian phylogenetic analysis combining information from different data partitions or subsets evolving under different stochastic evolutionary models to analyze heterogeneous data sets and explore a wide variety of structured models mixing partition-unique and shared parameters.
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Bayesian inference of phylogeny and its impact on evolutionary biology

TL;DR: Bayesian inference of phylogeny brings a new perspective to a number of outstanding issues in evolutionary biology, including the analysis of large phylogenetic trees and complex evolutionary models and the detection of the footprint of natural selection in DNA sequences.
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A Likelihood Approach to Estimating Phylogeny from Discrete Morphological Character Data

TL;DR: Several new avenues of research are opened by an explicitly model-based approach to phylogenetic analysis of discrete morphological data, including combined-data likelihood analyses (morphology + sequence data), likelihood ratio tests, and Bayesian analyses.
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Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils

TL;DR: The importance of the critical fossils seems to reside in their relative primitive‐ness, and the simplest explanation for their more conservative nature is that they have had less time to evolve.
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