Extensive chromosomal reshuffling drives evolution of virulence in an asexual pathogen
Ronnie de Jonge,Melvin D. Bolton,Anja Kombrink,Grardy C. M. van den Berg,Koste A. Yadeta,Bart P. H. J. Thomma +5 more
TLDR
It is shown that extensive chromosomal rearrangements in the strictly asexual plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae establish highly dynamic lineage-specific genomic regions that act as a source for genetic variation to mediate aggressiveness.Abstract:
Sexual recombination drives genetic diversity in eukaryotic genomes and fosters adaptation to novel environmental challenges. Although strictly asexual microorganisms are often considered as evolutionary dead ends, they comprise many devastating plant pathogens. Presently, it remains unknown how such asexual pathogens generate the genetic variation that is required for quick adaptation and evolution in the arms race with their hosts. Here, we show that extensive chromosomal rearrangements in the strictly asexual plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae establish highly dynamic lineage-specific (LS) genomic regions that act as a source for genetic variation to mediate aggressiveness. We show that such LS regions are greatly enriched for in planta-expressed effector genes encoding secreted proteins that enable host colonization. The LS regions occur at the flanks of chromosomal breakpoints and are enriched for retrotransposons and other repetitive sequence elements. Our results suggest that asexual pathogens may evolve by prompting chromosomal rearrangements, enabling rapid development of novel effector genes. Likely, chromosomal reshuffling can act as a general mechanism for adaptation in asexually propagating organisms.read more
Citations
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Automated Eukaryotic Gene Structure Annotation Using EVidenceModeler and the Program to Assemble Spliced Alignments
Brian J. Haas,Steven L. Salzberg,Wei Zhu,Mihaela Pertea,Jonathan E. Allen,Joshua Orvis,Owen White,C R Buell,Jennifer R. Wortman +8 more
TL;DR: The experiments on both rice and human genome sequences demonstrate that EVM produces automated gene structure annotation approaching the quality of manual curation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fungal Effectors and Plant Susceptibility
Libera Lo Presti,Daniel Lanver,Gabriel Schweizer,Shigeyuki Tanaka,Liang Liang,Marie Tollot,Alga Zuccaro,Stefanie Reissmann,Regine Kahmann +8 more
TL;DR: This review describes the effector repertoires of 84 plant-colonizing fungi and focuses on the mechanisms that allow these fungal effectors to promote virulence or compatibility, discuss common plant nodes that are targeted by effectors, and provide recent insights into effector evolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding Plant Immunity as a Surveillance System to Detect Invasion
TL;DR: An alternative view of plant innate immunity as a system that evolves to detect invasion is discussed, which accommodates the range from mutualistic to parasitic symbioses that plants form with diverse organisms, as well as the spectrum of ligands that the plant immune system perceives.
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The genome of Nectria haematococca: contribution of supernumerary chromosomes to gene expansion
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the most extensively studied member of this complex, Nectria haematococca mating population VI (MPVI), and revealed that several genes controlling the ability of individual isolates of this species to colonize specific habitats are located on supernumerary chromosomes.
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Cotton plants export microRNAs to inhibit virulence gene expression in a fungal pathogen
Tao Zhang,Yunlong Zhao,Jianhua Zhao,Sheng Wang,Yun Jin,Zhong-Qi Chen,Yuan-Yuan Fang,Chenlei Hua,Shou-Wei Ding,Hui-Shan Guo +9 more
TL;DR: This work shows that in response to infection with Verticillium dahliae, cotton plants increase production of microRNA 166 and miR159 and export both to the fungal hyphae for specific silencing, identifying a novel defence strategy of host plants by exporting specific miRNAs to induce cross-kingdom gene silencing in pathogenic fungi and confer disease resistance.
References
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