First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Imaging the Central Supermassive Black Hole
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,William T. Freeman,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,André Young,Ken H. Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,A. Nadolski,Hiroaki Nishioka,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Kamal Souccar,Laura Vertatschitsch,Paul Yamaguchi +254 more
TLDR
In this article, the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87 were presented, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength, showing a prominent ring with a diameter of ~40 μas, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the "shadow" of a supermassive black hole.Abstract:
We present the first Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of M87, using observations from April 2017 at 1.3 mm wavelength. These images show a prominent ring with a diameter of ~40 μas, consistent with the size and shape of the lensed photon orbit encircling the "shadow" of a supermassive black hole. The ring is persistent across four observing nights and shows enhanced brightness in the south. To assess the reliability of these results, we implemented a two-stage imaging procedure. In the first stage, four teams, each blind to the others' work, produced images of M87 using both an established method (CLEAN) and a newer technique (regularized maximum likelihood). This stage allowed us to avoid shared human bias and to assess common features among independent reconstructions. In the second stage, we reconstructed synthetic data from a large survey of imaging parameters and then compared the results with the corresponding ground truth images. This stage allowed us to select parameters objectively to use when reconstructing images of M87. Across all tests in both stages, the ring diameter and asymmetry remained stable, insensitive to the choice of imaging technique. We describe the EHT imaging procedures, the primary image features in M87, and the dependence of these features on imaging assumptions.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,William T. Freeman,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Gisela N. Ortiz-León,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,Ken H. Young,André Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Juan-Carlos Algaba,Juan-Carlos Algaba,Alexander Allardi,Rodrigo Amestica,Jadyn Anczarski,Uwe Bach,Frederick K. Baganoff,Christopher Beaudoin,Bradford Benson,Ryan Berthold,J. Blanchard,J. Blanchard,Ray Blundell,Sandra Bustamente,Roger J. Cappallo,E. Castillo-Domínguez,E. Castillo-Domínguez,Chih Cheng Chang,Chih Cheng Chang,Shu Hao Chang,Song Chu Chang,Chung Chen Chen,Ryan Chilson,Timothy C. Chuter,Rodrigo Córdova Rosado,Iain Coulson,T. M. Crawford,Joseph Crowley,John David,Mark Derome,Matthew R. Dexter,Sven Dornbusch,Kevin A. Dudevoir,S. A. Dzib,Andreas Eckart,Andreas Eckart,Chris Eckert,Neal R. Erickson,W. B. Everett,Aaron Faber,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Vernon Fath,Thomas W. Folkers,David C. Forbes,Robert Freund,Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz,Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz,David M. Gale,Feng Gao,Feng Gao,Gertie Geertsema,D. A. Graham,Christopher Greer,Ronald Grosslein,Frederic Gueth,Daryl Haggard,Daryl Haggard,N. W. Halverson,Chih Chiang Han,Kuo Chang Han,Jinchi Hao,Yutaka Hasegawa,Jason W. Henning,Jason W. Henning,Antonio Hernández-Gómez,Antonio Hernández-Gómez,Rubén Herrero-Illana,Stefan Heyminck,Akihiko Hirota,Akihiko Hirota,James Hoge,Yau De Huang,C. M. Violette Impellizzeri,C. M. Violette Impellizzeri,Homin Jiang,Atish Kamble,Ryan Keisler,Kimihiro Kimura,Yusuke Kono,Derek Kubo,John Kuroda,Richard Lacasse,R. Laing,Erik M. Leitch,Chao-Te Li,Lupin C.C. Lin,Lupin C.C. Lin,Ching Tang Liu,Kuan Yu Liu,Li Ming Lu,Ralph G. Marson,Pierre Martin-Cocher,Kyle D. Massingill,Callie Matulonis,Martin P. McColl,Stephen R. McWhirter,Hugo Messias,Hugo Messias,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,A. Montaña,A. Montaña,William Montgomerie,M. Mora-Klein,Dirk Muders,A. Nadolski,S. Navarro,Joseph Neilsen,Chi H. Nguyen,Chi H. Nguyen,Hiroaki Nishioka,Timothy Norton,Michael A. Nowak,George Nystrom,Hideo Ogawa,Peter Oshiro,Harriet Parsons,Scott Paine,J. Peñalver,N. Phillips,N. Phillips,M. Poirier,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Philippe Raffin,Alexandra S. Rahlin,Alexandra S. Rahlin,George Reiland,Christopher Risacher,Ignacio Ruiz,Alejandro F. Sáez-Madain,Alejandro F. Sáez-Madain,Remi Sassella,Pim Schellart,Pim Schellart,Paul Shaw,Kevin M. Silva,Hotaka Shiokawa,David R. Smith,William Snow,Kamal Souccar,Don Sousa,Tirupati K. Sridharan,Ranjani Srinivasan,William Stahm,A. A. Stark,K. T. Story,Sjoerd T. Timmer,Laura Vertatschitsch,Craig Walther,Ta Shun Wei,Nathan Whitehorn,Alan R. Whitney,David P. Woody,J. G. A. Wouterloot,M. C. H. Wright,Paul Yamaguchi,Chen Yu Yu,M. Zeballos,M. Zeballos,Shuo Zhang,Lucy M. Ziurys +406 more
TL;DR: In this article, the Event Horizon Telescope was used to reconstruct event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black hole candidate in the center of the giant elliptical galaxy M87.
Journal ArticleDOI
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,André Young,Ken H. Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,Daniel Michalik,A. Nadolski,Hiroaki Nishioka,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Kamal Souccar,Laura Vertatschitsch,Paul Yamaguchi +254 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present measurements of the properties of the central radio source in M87 using Event Horizon Telescope data obtained during the 2017 campaign, and find that >50% of the total flux at arcsecond scales comes from near the horizon and that the emission is dramatically suppressed interior to this region by a factor >10, providing direct evidence of the predicted shadow of a black hole.
Journal ArticleDOI
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Gisela N. Ortiz-León,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,André Young,Ken H. Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Juan-Carlos Algaba,Juan-Carlos Algaba,Alexander Allardi,Rodrigo Amestica,Uwe Bach,Christopher Beaudoin,Bradford Benson,Ryan Berthold,J. Blanchard,J. Blanchard,Ray Blundell,Sandra Bustamente,Roger J. Cappallo,E. Castillo-Domínguez,E. Castillo-Domínguez,Chih Cheng Chang,Chih Cheng Chang,Shu Hao Chang,Song Chu Chang,Chung Chen Chen,Ryan Chilson,Timothy C. Chuter,Rodrigo Córdova Rosado,Iain Coulson,T. M. Crawford,Joseph Crowley,John David,Mark Derome,Matthew R. Dexter,Sven Dornbusch,Kevin A. Dudevoir,S. A. Dzib,Chris Eckert,Neal R. Erickson,W. B. Everett,Aaron Faber,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Vernon Fath,Thomas W. Folkers,David C. Forbes,Robert Freund,Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz,Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz,David M. Gale,Feng Gao,Feng Gao,Gertie Geertsema,D. A. Graham,Christopher Greer,Ronald Grosslein,Frederic Gueth,N. W. Halverson,Chih Chiang Han,Kuo Chang Han,Jinchi Hao,Yutaka Hasegawa,Jason W. Henning,Jason W. Henning,Antonio Hernández-Gómez,Antonio Hernández-Gómez,Rubén Herrero-Illana,Stefan Heyminck,Akihiko Hirota,Akihiko Hirota,James Hoge,Yau De Huang,C. M.Violette Impellizzeri,C. M.Violette Impellizzeri,Homin Jiang,Atish Kamble,Ryan Keisler,Kimihiro Kimura,Yusuke Kono,Derek Kubo,John Kuroda,Richard Lacasse,R. Laing,Erik M. Leitch,Chao-Te Li,Lupin C.C. Lin,Lupin C.C. Lin,Ching Tang Liu,Kuan Yu Liu,Li Ming Lu,Ralph G. Marson,Pierre Martin-Cocher,Kyle D. Massingill,Callie Matulonis,Martin P. McColl,Stephen R. McWhirter,Hugo Messias,Hugo Messias,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,A. Montaña,A. Montaña,William Montgomerie,M. Mora-Klein,Dirk Muders,A. Nadolski,S. Navarro,Chi H. Nguyen,Chi H. Nguyen,Hiroaki Nishioka,Timothy Norton,George Nystrom,Hideo Ogawa,Peter Oshiro,Stephen Padin,Harriet Parsons,Scott Paine,J. Peñalver,N. Phillips,N. Phillips,M. Poirier,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Philippe Raffin,Alexandra S. Rahlin,Alexandra S. Rahlin,George Reiland,Christopher Risacher,Ignacio Ruiz,Alejandro F. Sáez-Madain,Alejandro F. Sáez-Madain,Remi Sassella,Pim Schellart,Pim Schellart,Paul Shaw,Kevin M. Silva,Hotaka Shiokawa,David R. Smith,William Snow,Kamal Souccar,Don Sousa,T. K. Sridharan,Ranjani Srinivasan,William Stahm,Antony A. Stark,K. T. Story,Sjoerd T. Timmer,Laura Vertatschitsch,Craig Walther,Ta Shun Wei,Nathan Whitehorn,Alan R. Whitney,David P. Woody,J. G. A. Wouterloot,M. C. H. Wright,Paul Yamaguchi,Chen Yu Yu,M. Zeballos,M. Zeballos,Lucy M. Ziurys +397 more
TL;DR: The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) as mentioned in this paper is a very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) array that comprises millimeter and submillimeter-wavelength telescopes separated by distances comparable to the diameter of the Earth.
Radiative Processes In Astrophysics
TL;DR: The radiative processes in astrophysics is universally compatible with any devices to read, and is available in the digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly.
Journal ArticleDOI
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Gisela N. Ortiz-León,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,André Young,Ken H. Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Roger J. Cappallo,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Thomas W. Folkers,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,Daniel Michalik,A. Nadolski,Hiroaki Nishioka,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Kamal Souccar,Laura Vertatschitsch,Paul Yamaguchi +246 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) 1.3 mm radio wavelength observations of the supermassive black hole candidate at the center of the radio galaxy M87 and the quasar 3C 279, taken during the 2017 April 5-11 observing campaign are presented.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Radio structure of 3C147 determined by multi-element very long baseline interferometry
TL;DR: The radio structure of the quasar 3C147 has been determined from multi-baseline VLBI data at 609 MHz using both a conventional method and a technique which uses the 'closure' phase information to produce a good approximation to a synthesis map of the source.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shock Waves and Energy Dissipation in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
Junseong Park,Dongsu Ryu +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the statistics of fast and slow shocks, such as the distribution of shock Mach numbers (M s) and the energy dissipation at shocks, based on refined methodologies for their quantifications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reconstructing Video of Time-Varying Sources From Radio Interferometric Measurements
Katherine L. Bouman,Michael D. Johnson,Adrian V. Dalca,Andrew Chael,Freek Roelofs,Sheperd S. Doeleman,William T. Freeman +6 more
TL;DR: A new way to model VLBI measurements that allows for the recovery of both the appearance and dynamics of an evolving source by reconstructing a video rather than a static image is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
rPICARD: A CASA-based Calibration Pipeline for VLBI Data. Calibration and imaging of 7 mm VLBA observations of the AGN jet in M87
Michael Janssen,Ciriaco Goddi,Ilse van Bemmel,Mark Kettenis,Des Small,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Kazi L.J. Rygl,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Lindy Blackburn,Maciek Wielgus,Heino Falcke +10 more
TL;DR: The Radboud PIpeline for the Calibration of high Angular Resolution Data (rPICARD) as mentioned in this paper is an open-source VLBI calibration and imaging pipeline built on top of the CASA framework.
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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole
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First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,André Young,Ken H. Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Jadyn Anczarski,Frederick K. Baganoff,Andreas Eckart,Andreas Eckart,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Daryl Haggard,Daryl Haggard,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,A. Nadolski,Joseph Neilsen,Hiroaki Nishioka,Michael A. Nowak,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Kamal Souccar,Laura Vertatschitsch,Paul Yamaguchi,Shuo Zhang +262 more
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VI. The Shadow and Mass of the Central Black Hole
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,André Young,Ken H. Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,Daniel Michalik,A. Nadolski,Hiroaki Nishioka,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Kamal Souccar,Laura Vertatschitsch,Paul Yamaguchi +254 more
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. II. Array and Instrumentation
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Gisela N. Ortiz-León,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,André Young,Ken H. Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Juan-Carlos Algaba,Juan-Carlos Algaba,Alexander Allardi,Rodrigo Amestica,Uwe Bach,Christopher Beaudoin,Bradford Benson,Ryan Berthold,J. Blanchard,J. Blanchard,Ray Blundell,Sandra Bustamente,Roger J. Cappallo,E. Castillo-Domínguez,E. Castillo-Domínguez,Chih Cheng Chang,Chih Cheng Chang,Shu Hao Chang,Song Chu Chang,Chung Chen Chen,Ryan Chilson,Timothy C. Chuter,Rodrigo Córdova Rosado,Iain Coulson,T. M. Crawford,Joseph Crowley,John David,Mark Derome,Matthew R. Dexter,Sven Dornbusch,Kevin A. Dudevoir,S. A. Dzib,Chris Eckert,Neal R. Erickson,W. B. Everett,Aaron Faber,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Vernon Fath,Thomas W. Folkers,David C. Forbes,Robert Freund,Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz,Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz,David M. Gale,Feng Gao,Feng Gao,Gertie Geertsema,D. A. Graham,Christopher Greer,Ronald Grosslein,Frederic Gueth,N. W. Halverson,Chih Chiang Han,Kuo Chang Han,Jinchi Hao,Yutaka Hasegawa,Jason W. Henning,Jason W. Henning,Antonio Hernández-Gómez,Antonio Hernández-Gómez,Rubén Herrero-Illana,Stefan Heyminck,Akihiko Hirota,Akihiko Hirota,James Hoge,Yau De Huang,C. M.Violette Impellizzeri,C. M.Violette Impellizzeri,Homin Jiang,Atish Kamble,Ryan Keisler,Kimihiro Kimura,Yusuke Kono,Derek Kubo,John Kuroda,Richard Lacasse,R. Laing,Erik M. Leitch,Chao-Te Li,Lupin C.C. Lin,Lupin C.C. Lin,Ching Tang Liu,Kuan Yu Liu,Li Ming Lu,Ralph G. Marson,Pierre Martin-Cocher,Kyle D. Massingill,Callie Matulonis,Martin P. McColl,Stephen R. McWhirter,Hugo Messias,Hugo Messias,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,A. Montaña,A. Montaña,William Montgomerie,M. Mora-Klein,Dirk Muders,A. Nadolski,S. Navarro,Chi H. Nguyen,Chi H. Nguyen,Hiroaki Nishioka,Timothy Norton,George Nystrom,Hideo Ogawa,Peter Oshiro,Stephen Padin,Harriet Parsons,Scott Paine,J. Peñalver,N. Phillips,N. Phillips,M. Poirier,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Philippe Raffin,Alexandra S. Rahlin,Alexandra S. Rahlin,George Reiland,Christopher Risacher,Ignacio Ruiz,Alejandro F. Sáez-Madain,Alejandro F. Sáez-Madain,Remi Sassella,Pim Schellart,Pim Schellart,Paul Shaw,Kevin M. Silva,Hotaka Shiokawa,David R. Smith,William Snow,Kamal Souccar,Don Sousa,T. K. Sridharan,Ranjani Srinivasan,William Stahm,Antony A. Stark,K. T. Story,Sjoerd T. Timmer,Laura Vertatschitsch,Craig Walther,Ta Shun Wei,Nathan Whitehorn,Alan R. Whitney,David P. Woody,J. G. A. Wouterloot,M. C. H. Wright,Paul Yamaguchi,Chen Yu Yu,M. Zeballos,M. Zeballos,Lucy M. Ziurys +397 more
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. III. Data Processing and Calibration
Kazunori Akiyama,Antxon Alberdi,Walter Alef,Keiichi Asada,Rebecca Azulay,Rebecca Azulay,Anne Kathrin Baczko,David Ball,Mislav Baloković,John E. Barrett,Dan Bintley,Lindy Blackburn,W. Boland,Katherine L. Bouman,Katherine L. Bouman,Geoffrey C. Bower,Michael Bremer,Christiaan D. Brinkerink,Roger Brissenden,Silke Britzen,Avery E. Broderick,Avery E. Broderick,Dominique Broguiere,Thomas Bronzwaer,Do-Young Byun,John E. Carlstrom,Andrew Chael,Chi-kwan Chan,Shami Chatterjee,Koushik Chatterjee,Ming-Tang Chen,Yi Chen,Ilje Cho,Pierre Christian,Pierre Christian,John Conway,James M. Cordes,Geoffrey B. Crew,Yuzhu Cui,Jordy Davelaar,Mariafelicia De Laurentis,Roger Deane,Roger Deane,Jessica Dempsey,Gregory Desvignes,Jason Dexter,Sheperd S. Doeleman,R. P. Eatough,Heino Falcke,Vincent L. Fish,Ed Fomalont,Raquel Fraga-Encinas,Per Friberg,Christian M. Fromm,José L. Gómez,Peter Galison,Charles F. Gammie,Roberto Garcia,Olivier Gentaz,Boris Georgiev,Ciriaco Goddi,Ciriaco Goddi,Roman Gold,Minfeng Gu,Mark Gurwell,Kazuhiro Hada,Michael H. Hecht,Ronald Hesper,Luis C. Ho,Paul T. P. Ho,Mareki Honma,Chih-Wei Locutus Huang,Lei Huang,David H. Hughes,Shiro Ikeda,Makoto Inoue,Sara Issaoun,David J. James,Buell T. Jannuzi,Michael Janssen,Britton Jeter,Wu Jiang,Michael D. Johnson,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Svetlana G. Jorstad,Taehyun Jung,Mansour Karami,Mansour Karami,Ramesh Karuppusamy,Tomohisa Kawashima,Garrett K. Keating,Mark Kettenis,Jae-Young Kim,Junhan Kim,Jongsoo Kim,Motoki Kino,Jun Yi Koay,Patrick M. Koch,Shoko Koyama,Michael Kramer,Carsten Kramer,Thomas P. Krichbaum,C. Y. Kuo,Tod R. Lauer,Sang-Sung Lee,Yan-Rong Li,Zhiyuan Li,Michael Lindqvist,Kuo Liu,Elisabetta Liuzzo,Wen Ping Lo,Wen Ping Lo,Andrei P. Lobanov,Laurent Loinard,Colin J. Lonsdale,Ru-Sen Lu,Ru-Sen Lu,Nicholas R. MacDonald,Jirong Mao,Sera Markoff,Daniel P. Marrone,Alan P. Marscher,Ivan Marti-Vidal,Satoki Matsushita,Lynn D. Matthews,Lia Medeiros,Lia Medeiros,Karl M. Menten,Yosuke Mizuno,Izumi Mizuno,James M. Moran,Kotaro Moriyama,Kotaro Moriyama,Monika Moscibrodzka,Cornelia Müller,Cornelia Müller,Hiroshi Nagai,Neil M. Nagar,Masanori Nakamura,Ramesh Narayan,Gopal Narayanan,Iniyan Natarajan,Roberto Neri,Chunchong Ni,Aristeidis Noutsos,Hiroki Okino,Hector Olivares,Gisela N. Ortiz-León,Tomoaki Oyama,Feryal Özel,Daniel C. M. Palumbo,Nimesh A. Patel,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Ue-Li Pen,Dominic W. Pesce,Vincent Piétu,Richard L. Plambeck,Aleksandar Popstefanija,Oliver Porth,Oliver Porth,Ben Prather,Jorge A. Preciado-López,Dimitrios Psaltis,Hung Yi Pu,Venkatessh Ramakrishnan,Ramprasad Rao,Mark G. Rawlings,Alexander W. Raymond,Luciano Rezzolla,Bart Ripperda,Freek Roelofs,Alan E. E. Rogers,Eduardo Ros,Mel Rose,Arash Roshanineshat,Helge Rottmann,Alan L. Roy,Chet Ruszczyk,Benjamin R. Ryan,Kazi L.J. Rygl,S. Sánchez,David Sánchez-Arguelles,David Sánchez-Arguelles,Mahito Sasada,Mahito Sasada,Tuomas Savolainen,Tuomas Savolainen,F. Peter Schloerb,Karl Friedrich Schuster,Lijing Shao,Lijing Shao,Zhiqiang Shen,Des Small,Bong Won Sohn,Bong Won Sohn,Jason SooHoo,Fumie Tazaki,Paul Tiede,Paul Tiede,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Remo P. J. Tilanus,Michael Titus,Kenji Toma,Pablo Torne,Tyler Trent,Sascha Trippe,Shuichiro Tsuda,Ilse van Bemmel,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Huib Jan van Langevelde,Daniel R. van Rossum,Jan Wagner,John Wardle,Jonathan Weintroub,Norbert Wex,Robert Wharton,Maciek Wielgus,George N. Wong,Qingwen Wu,André Young,Ken H. Young,Ziri Younsi,Ziri Younsi,Feng Yuan,Ye-Fei Yuan,J. Anton Zensus,Guang-Yao Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Shan Shan Zhao,Ziyan Zhu,Roger J. Cappallo,Joseph R. Farah,Joseph R. Farah,Thomas W. Folkers,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Zheng Meyer-Zhao,Daniel Michalik,Daniel Michalik,A. Nadolski,Hiroaki Nishioka,Nicolas Pradel,Rurik A. Primiani,Kamal Souccar,Laura Vertatschitsch,Paul Yamaguchi +246 more