From hadrons to quarks in neutron stars: a review
Gordon Baym,Tetsuo Hatsuda,Toru Kojo,Toru Kojo,Philip D. Powell,Philip D. Powell,Yifan Song,Tatsuyuki Takatsuka +7 more
TLDR
The structure of neutron stars constructed from the unified equations of states with crossover is described, and the parameters of effective quark models are constrained by neutron star mass and radii measurements, in particular favoring large repulsive density-density and attractive diquark pairing interactions.Abstract:
We review the equation of state of matter in neutron stars from the solid crust through the liquid nuclear matter interior to the quark regime at higher densities. We focus in detail on the question of how quark matter appears in neutron stars, and how it affects the equation of state. After discussing the crust and liquid nuclear matter in the core we briefly review aspects of microscopic quark physics relevant to neutron stars, and quark models of dense matter based on the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio framework, in which gluonic processes are replaced by effective quark interactions. We turn then to describing equations of state useful for interpretation of both electromagnetic and gravitational observations, reviewing the emerging picture of hadron-quark continuity in which hadronic matter turns relatively smoothly, with at most only a weak first order transition, into quark matter with increasing density. We review construction of unified equations of state that interpolate between the reasonably well understood nuclear matter regime at low densities and the quark matter regime at higher densities. The utility of such interpolations is driven by the present inability to calculate the dense matter equation of state in QCD from first principles. As we review, the parameters of effective quark models -- which have direct relevance to the more general structure of the QCD phase diagram of dense and hot matter -- are constrained by neutron star mass and radii measurements, in particular favoring large repulsive density-density and attractive diquark pairing interactions. We describe the structure of neutron stars constructed from the unified equations of states with crossover. Lastly we present the current equations of state -- called "QHC18" for quark-hadron crossover -- in a parametrized form practical for neutron star modeling.read more
Citations
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On Equation of State at physical quark masses
TL;DR: In this article, the (2+1) flavor QCD equation of state is calculated at temperatures corresponding to the transition region with the physical values of the light quark masses using p4 staggered fermion action on lattices with temporal extent N{sub {tau}} = 8.
Book
Quark-gluon plasma : from big bang to little bang
TL;DR: The concept of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) was introduced in the early universe as mentioned in this paper, and the concept of relativisitic heavy ion collisions (RHIC) was proposed in the late 1990s.
The Rotation Of The Earth A Geophysical Discussion
TL;DR: The rotation of the earth a geophysical discussion is available in our book collection as mentioned in this paper and an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. But it is not available in the physical format.
Posted Content
Phases of Cold, Dense Quarks at Large N_c
TL;DR: In the limit of a large number of colors, N_c, it was shown in this article that gauge theories can exhibit several distinct phases at nonzero temperature and quark density, including a cold, dilute phase of confined hadrons and a hot phase of deconfined quarks and gluons.
References
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GW170817: observation of gravitational waves from a binary neutron star inspiral
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Journal ArticleDOI
GW151226: observation of gravitational waves from a 22-solar-mass binary black hole coalescence
B. P. Abbott,Richard J. Abbott,T. D. Abbott,M. R. Abernathy,Fausto Acernese,Kendall Ackley,C. Adams,Todd Adams,Paolo Addesso,Rana X. Adhikari,V. B. Adya,C. Affeldt,M. Agathos,Kazuhiro Agatsuma,Nancy Aggarwal,Odylio D. Aguiar,Lloyd Paul Aiello,A. Ain,P. Ajith,Benjamin William Allen,A. Allocca,P. A. Altin,S. B. Anderson,W. G. Anderson,Koji Arai,M. C. Araya,C. C. Arceneaux,J. S. Areeda,N. Arnaud,K. G. Arun,S. Ascenzi,Gregory Ashton,Stefan Ast,S. M. Aston,P. Astone,P. Aufmuth,C. Aulbert,Stanislav Babak,P. Bacon,M. K. M. Bader,P. T. Baker,F. Baldaccini,G. Ballardin,S. W. Ballmer,J. C. Barayoga,S. E. Barclay,Barry C. Barish,D. Barker,Fabrizio Barone,B. Barr,Lisa Barsotti,M. Barsuglia,D. Barta,James G. Bartlett,Imre Bartos,Riccardo Bassiri,A. Basti,J. C. Batch,C. Baune,Viswanath Bavigadda,Marco Bazzan,M. Bejger,A. S. Bell,B. K. Berger,G. Bergmann,Christopher P. L. Berry,D. Bersanetti,Alessandro Bertolini,J. Betzwieser,Swetha Bhagwat,R. Bhandare,I. A. Bilenko,G. Billingsley,Jens Birch,R. Birney,Ofek Birnholtz,Sebastien Biscans,A. Bisht,M. Bitossi,Christopher M. Biwer,Marie-Anne Bizouard,J. K. Blackburn,Carl Blair,David Blair,R. M. Blair,Steven Bloemen,O. Bock,M. Boer,G. Bogaert,C. Bogan,A. Bohe,C. Bond,François Bondu,R. Bonnand,B. A. Boom,R. Bork,V. Boschi,Suvadeep Bose,Suvadeep Bose,Yann Bouffanais,A. Bozzi,C. Bradaschia,Patrick Brady,Vladimir B. Braginsky,M. Branchesi,J. E. Brau,Tristan Briant,A. Brillet,M. Brinkmann,V. Brisson,P. Brockill,J. E. Broida,A. F. Brooks,Duncan A. Brown,D. D. Brown,N. M. Brown,S. Brunett,C. C. Buchanan,Aaron Buikema,Tomasz Bulik,H. J. Bulten,Alessandra Buonanno,D. Buskulic,C. Buy,Robert L. Byer,Miriam Cabero,Laura Cadonati,Gianpietro Cagnoli,C. Cahillane,J. Calderón Bustillo,T. A. Callister,Enrico Calloni,Jordan Camp,Kipp Cannon,Junwei Cao,Collin D. Capano,E. Capocasa,F. Carbognani,S. Caride,J. Casanueva Diaz,C. Casentini,Sarah Caudill,Marco Cavaglia,F. Cavalier,R. Cavalieri,G. Cella,Carlos Cepeda,L. Cerboni Baiardi,G. Cerretani,E. Cesarini,S. J. Chamberlin,M. Chan,Shiuh Chao,P. Charlton,E. Chassande-Mottin,B. D. Cheeseboro,H. S. Chen,Yi Chen,Chia-Liang Cheng,Andrea Chincarini,A. Chiummo,H. S. Cho,M. Cho,Jong H. Chow,Nelson Christensen,Q. Chu,Sheon Chua,S. Chung,Giacomo Ciani,F. Clara,John A. Clark,F. Cleva,E. Coccia,P. F. Cohadon,A. Colla,Christophe Collette,L. R. Cominsky,M. Constancio,A. Conte,L. Conti,Douglas R. Cook,Thomas Corbitt,Neil J. Cornish,Alessandra Corsi,Samuele Cortese,C. A. Costa,Michael W. Coughlin,S. B. Coughlin,J.-P. Coulon,S. T. Countryman,P. Couvares,E. E. Cowan,David Coward,M. J. Cowart,D. C. Coyne,R. Coyne,Kieran Craig,Jolien D. E. Creighton,Jonathan Cripe,S. G. Crowder,A. Cumming,Liam Cunningham,E. Cuoco,T. Dal Canton,S. L. Danilishin,S. D'Antonio,Karsten Danzmann,N. S. Darman,Anirban Dasgupta,C. F. Da Silva Costa,V. Dattilo,I. Dave,M. Davier,Gavin Davies,E. J. Daw,R. Day,Soumi De,D.B. DeBra,G. Debreczeni,Jerome Degallaix,M. De Laurentis,Samuel Deléglise,W. Del Pozzo,T. Denker,Thomas Dent,Vladimir Dergachev,R. T. DeRosa,R. T. DeRosa,R. DeSalvo,R. C. Devine,Sanjeev Dhurandhar,M. C. Díaz,L. Di Fiore,M. Di Giovanni,T. Di Girolamo,A. Di Lieto,S. Di Pace,I. Di Palma,I. Di Palma,A. Di Virgilio,V. Dolique,F. Donovan,K. L. Dooley,S. Doravari,R. Douglas,T. P. Downes,M. Drago,R. W. P. Drever,J. C. Driggers,M. Ducrot,S. E. Dwyer,T. B. Edo,M. C. Edwards,A. Effler,Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein,P. Ehrens,J. Eichholz,J. Eichholz,S. S. Eikenberry,W. Engels,Reed Essick,T. Etzel,Matthew Evans,Timothy Evans,R. Everett,M. Factourovich,V. Fafone,H. Fair,Stephen Fairhurst,Xiaohui Fan,Qi Fang,S. Farinon,Ben Farr,Will M. Farr,Marc Favata,M. Fays,H. Fehrmann,Martin M. Fejer,E. Fenyvesi,I. Ferrante,E. C. Ferreira,Federico Ferrini,F. Fidecaro,I. Fiori,D. Fiorucci,Rebecca Fisher,R. Flaminio,M. Fletcher,H. Fong,J.-D. Fournier,S. Frasca,F. Frasconi,Z. Frei,Andreas Freise,R. Frey,V. Frey,Peter Fritschel,V. V. Frolov,P. Fulda,M. Fyffe,H. A. G. Gabbard,Jonathan R. Gair,Luca Gammaitoni,S. G. Gaonkar,F. Garufi,G. Gaur,N. Gehrels,G. Gemme,P. Geng,E. Genin,A. Gennai,Jimin George,László Á. Gergely,V. Germain,Abhirup Ghosh,Archisman Ghosh,Sourav Ghosh,J. A. Giaime,J. A. Giaime,K. D. Giardina,A. Giazotto,K. Gill,A. Glaefke,Evan Goetz,R. Goetz,László Gondán,Gabriela Gonzalez,J. M. Gonzalez Castro,Achamveedu Gopakumar,N. A. Gordon,Michael L. Gorodetsky,S. E. Gossan,M. Gosselin,R. Gouaty,A. Grado,C. Graef,P. B. Graff,M. Granata,A. Grant,Slawomir Gras,C. Gray,G. Greco,A. C. Green,Paul J. Groot,Hartmut Grote,S. Grunewald,G. M. Guidi,X. Guo,A. Gupta,M. K. Gupta,K. E. Gushwa,E. K. Gustafson,R. Gustafson,J. J. Hacker,B. R. Hall,E. D. Hall,H. F. Hamilton,G. D. Hammond,M. Haney,M. M. Hanke,J. Hanks,Chad Hanna,Mark Hannam,J. Hanson,T. Hardwick,Jan Harms,Gregory M. Harry,I. W. Harry,M. J. Hart,M. T. Hartman,Carl-Johan Haster,K. Haughian,James Healy,Antoine Heidmann,M. C. Heintze,H. Heitmann,Patrice Hello,G. Hemming,Martin Hendry,Ik Siong Heng,J. Hennig,J. P. Henry,A. W. Heptonstall,M. Heurs,Stefan Hild,D. Hoak,David Jonathan Hofman,K. Holt,Daniel E. Holz,Philip F. Hopkins,J. H. Hough,E. A. Houston,Eric Howell,Yi-Ming Hu,S. Huang,E. A. Huerta,D. Huet,B. Hughey,Sascha Husa,S. H. Huttner,T. Huynh-Dinh,N. Indik,D. R. Ingram,R. Inta,H. N. Isa,J.-M. Isac,Maximiliano Isi,T. Isogai,Bala R. Iyer,K. Izumi,Thibaut Jacqmin,H. J. Jang,Karan Jani,Piotr Jaranowski,S. Jawahar,L. Jian,F. Jiménez-Forteza,W. W. Johnson,Nathan K. Johnson-McDaniel,David Jones,Roger Jones,R. J. G. Jonker,Li Ju,Haris K,C. V. Kalaghatgi,V. Kalogera,S. Kandhasamy,G. Kang,J. B. Kanner,S. J. Kapadia,S. Karki,K. S. Karvinen,M. Kasprzack,E. Katsavounidis,W. Katzman,S. Kaufer,Tejinder Kaur,K. Kawabe,Fabien Kéfélian,M. S. Kehl,David Keitel,D. B. Kelley,W. Kells,R. Kennedy,J. S. Key,F. Y. Khalili,Imran Khan,Sebastian Khan,Zahoor Ali Khan,Efim A. Khazanov,N. Kijbunchoo,Chi-Woong Kim,Chunglee Kim,Joonghan Kim,Kyungmin Kim,Namjun Kim,W. S. Kim,Y. M. Kim,S. J. Kimbrell,E. J. King,P. J. King,J. S. Kissel,B. Klein,L. Kleybolte,S. Klimenko,S. M. Koehlenbeck,S. Koley,V. Kondrashov,Antonios Kontos,M. Korobko,W. Z. Korth,I. Kowalska,D. B. Kozak,V. Kringel,Badri Krishnan,A. Królak,C. Krueger,G. Kuehn,P. Kumar,Rahul Kumar,L. Kuo,A. Kutynia,B. D. Lackey,M. Landry,J. S. Lange,B. Lantz,Paul D. Lasky,M. Laxen,Albert Lazzarini,C. Lazzaro,P. Leaci,S. Leavey,E. O. Lebigot,Chang-Hwan Lee,Hyun Lee,Ho-Gyu Lee,Kejia Lee,A. Lenon,M. Leonardi,J. R. Leong,N. Leroy,N. Letendre,Yuri Levin,J. B. Lewis,Tjonnie G. F. Li,Adam A. Libson,Tyson Littenberg,N. A. Lockerbie,A. L. Lombardi,Lionel London,J. E. Lord,M. Lorenzini,V. Loriette,M. Lormand,G. Losurdo,J. D. Lough,Carlos O. Lousto,Harald Lück,Andrew Lundgren,Ryan S. Lynch,Y. Q. Ma,B. Machenschalk,M. MacInnis,D. M. Macleod,F. Magaña-Sandoval,L. Magaña Zertuche,R. M. Magee,Ettore Majorana,I. Maksimovic,V. Malvezzi,N. Man,Ilya Mandel,Vuk Mandic,V. Mangano,G. L. Mansell,Magnus Manske,M. Mantovani,Fabio Marchesoni,F. Marion,S. Márka,Z. Márka,A. S. Markosyan,E. Maros,F. Martelli,Lionel Martellini,I. W. Martin,Denis Martynov,J. N. Marx,K. Mason,A. Masserot,T. J. Massinger,M. Masso-Reid,S. Mastrogiovanni,Fabrice Matichard,L. Matone,Nergis Mavalvala,N. Mazumder,R. L. McCarthy,David E. McClelland,S. McCormick,S. C. McGuire,G. McIntyre,J. McIver,D. J. McManus,Terry G. McRae,Sean T. McWilliams,D. Meacher,G. D. Meadors,J. Meidam,Andrew Melatos,G. Mendell,R. A. Mercer,E. L. Merilh,M. Merzougui,S. Meshkov,C. Messenger,Cody Messick,R. Metzdorff,P. M. Meyers,F. Mezzani,Haixing Miao,C. Michel,H. Middleton,Eugeniy E. Mikhailov,Leopoldo Milano,A. L. Miller,A. L. Miller,Adam A. Miller,B. B. Miller,John Miller,Margaret Millhouse,Y. Minenkov,J. Ming,S. Mirshekari,Chandra Kant Mishra,S. Mitra,V. P. Mitrofanov,Guenakh Mitselmakher,R. Mittleman,A. Moggi,M. Mohan,Satyanarayan Ray Pitambar Mohapatra,M. Montani,Blake Moore,Christopher J. Moore,D. Moraru,G. Moreno,S. R. Morriss,Kasem Mossavi,B. Mours,C. M. Mow-Lowry,Guido Mueller,A. W. Muir,Arunava Mukherjee,Debnandini Mukherjee,Soma Mukherjee,N. Mukund,A. Mullavey,Jesper Munch,David Murphy,P. G. Murray,A. Mytidis,I. Nardecchia,L. Naticchioni,R. K. Nayak,K. Nedkova,Gijs Nelemans,T. J. N. Nelson,M. Neri,A. Neunzert,G. P. Newton,T. T. Nguyen,Alex B. Nielsen,Samaya Nissanke,A. Nitz,F. Nocera,D. Nolting,M. E. Normandin,L. K. Nuttall,J. Oberling,Evan Ochsner,J. O'Dell,Eric Oelker,G. H. Ogin,John J. Oh,Seog Oh,F. Ohme,M. Oliver,P. Oppermann,Richard J. Oram,B. O'Reilly,Richard O'Shaughnessy,David J. Ottaway,H. Overmier,Benjamin J. Owen,Archana Pai,S. A. Pai,J. R. Palamos,O. V. Palashov,C. Palomba,A. Pal-Singh,Howard Pan,Chris Pankow,Francesco Pannarale,B. C. Pant,F. Paoletti,A. Paoli,Maria Alessandra Papa,H. R. Paris,William Parker,D. Pascucci,A. Pasqualetti,R. Passaquieti,D. Passuello,B. Patricelli,Z. Patrick,B. L. Pearlstone,M. Pedraza,R. Pedurand,Larne Pekowsky,A. Pele,S. Penn,A. Perreca,L. M. Perri,Harald P. Pfeiffer,Harald P. Pfeiffer,M. Phelps,O. J. Piccinni,M. Pichot,F. Piergiovanni,Vincenzo Pierro,G. Pillant,L. Pinard,Innocenzo M. Pinto,Matthew Pitkin,M. Poe,Rosa Poggiani,P. Popolizio,A. Post,Jade Powell,J. Prasad,V. Predoi,T. Prestegard,Larry R. Price,M. Prijatelj,Maria Ilaria Del Principe,S. Privitera,Reinhard Prix,G. A. Prodi,L. Prokhorov,O. Puncken,M. Punturo,P. Puppo,Michael Pürrer,H. Qi,Jiayi Qin,S. Qiu,V. Quetschke,E. A. Quintero,R. Quitzow-James,F. J. Raab,D. S. Rabeling,H. Radkins,P. Raffai,S. Raja,C. Rajan,Malik Rakhmanov,P. Rapagnani,Vivien Raymond,M. Razzano,V. Re,Jocelyn Read,C. M. Reed,Tania Regimbau,L. Rei,Stuart Reid,David H. Reitze,David H. Reitze,H. Rew,Steven Reyes,F. Ricci,K. Riles,M. Rizzo,N. A. Robertson,N. A. Robertson,R. Robie,F. Robinet,A. Rocchi,L. Rolland,J. G. Rollins,V. J. Roma,Joseph D. Romano,Rocco Romano,Gleb Romanov,J. H. Romie,D. Rosińska,Sheila Rowan,Albrecht Rüdiger,P. Ruggi,Kevin M. Ryan,Surabhi Sachdev,T. Sadecki,Laleh Sadeghian,Mairi Sakellariadou,L. Salconi,M. Saleem,Francesco Salemi,A. Samajdar,L. Sammut,E. J. Sanchez,V. Sandberg,B. Sandeen,J. R. Sanders,B. Sassolas,Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash,Peter R. Saulson,O. E. S. Sauter,R. L. Savage,A. Sawadsky,P. Schale,Roland Schilling,J. Schmidt,Patricia Schmidt,Roman Schnabel,R. M. S. Schofield,A. Schönbeck,E. Schreiber,D. Schuette,Bernard F. Schutz,John D. Scott,Susan M. Scott,D. Sellers,A. S. Sengupta,D. Sentenac,V. Sequino,A. M. Sergeev,Y. Setyawati,Daniel A. Shaddock,T. J. Shaffer,M. S. Shahriar,M. Shaltev,B. Shapiro,P. Shawhan,A. Sheperd,D. H. Shoemaker,D. M. Shoemaker,K. Siellez,Xavier Siemens,M. Sieniawska,D. Sigg,A. D. Silva,A. Singer,Leo Singer,Aviral Singh,Robinjeet Singh,A. Singhal,Alicia M. Sintes,B. J. J. Slagmolen,J. R. Smith,Nicholas Smith,Rory Smith,Edwin J. Son,B. Sorazu,Fiodor Sorrentino,Tarun Souradeep,A. K. Srivastava,A. Staley,M. Steinke,Jessica Steinlechner,Sebastian Steinlechner,D. Steinmeyer,B. C. Stephens,Simon Stevenson,Robert Stone,Kenneth A. Strain,N. Straniero,G. Stratta,N. A. Strauss,S. E. Strigin,Riccardo Sturani,A. L. Stuver,T. Z. Summerscales,L. Sun,S. Sunil,P. J. Sutton,B. L. Swinkels,Marek Szczepanczyk,M. Tacca,D. Talukder,David B. Tanner,Márton Tápai,S. P. Tarabrin,Andrea Taracchini,R. Taylor,T. Theeg,M. P. Thirugnanasambandam,E. G. Thomas,Michael Thomas,P. Thomas,K. A. Thorne,Eric Thrane,Shubhanshu Tiwari,V. Tiwari,K. V. Tokmakov,K. Toland,C. Tomlinson,M. Tonelli,Z. Tornasi,C. V. Torres,C. I. Torrie,D. Töyrä,F. Travasso,G. Traylor,Daniele Trifirò,M. C. Tringali,L. Trozzo,M. Tse,M. Turconi,D. Tuyenbayev,D. Ugolini,C. S. Unnikrishnan,A. L. Urban,S. A. Usman,H. Vahlbruch,G. Vajente,G. Valdes,Michele Vallisneri,N. van Bakel,M. van Beuzekom,J. F. J. van den Brand,C. Van Den Broeck,D. C. Vander-Hyde,L. van der Schaaf,J. V. van Heijningen,A. A. van Veggel,M. Vardaro,S. Vass,M. Vasúth,Ruslan Vaulin,Alberto Vecchio,G. Vedovato,John Veitch,P. J. Veitch,K. Venkateswara,D. Verkindt,F. Vetrano,A. Viceré,Serena Vinciguerra,D. J. Vine,J-Y. Vinet,Salvatore Vitale,T. Vo,H. Vocca,C. Vorvick,D. V. Voss,W. D. Vousden,Sergey P. Vyatchanin,A. R. Wade,L. E. Wade,Madeline Wade,Michelle E. Walker,L. Wallace,S. Walsh,G. Wang,Hua Wang,Meng Wang,X. F. Wang,Y. Wang,R. L. Ward,J. Warner,M. Was,B. A. Weaver,L.-W. Wei,M. Weinert,A. J. Weinstein,Rainer Weiss,Linqing Wen,P. Weßels,Tobias Westphal,K. Wette,James Whelan,Bernard F. Whiting,Roy Williams,A. R. Williamson,J. L. Willis,Benno Willke,M. H. Wimmer,Walter Winkler,C. C. Wipf,H. Wittel,Graham Woan,J. Woehler,J. Worden,J. L. Wright,D. S. Wu,G. Wu,Joshua Yablon,William Yam,H. Yamamoto,C. C. Yancey,Haocun Yu,M. Yvert,A. K. Zadrożny,L. Zangrando,Michele Zanolin,J.-P. Zevin,L. Zevin,Lei Zhang,Y.-H. Zhang,Y. Zhao,M. Zhao,Minchuan Zhou,X. J. Zhou,X. J. Zhou +973 more
TL;DR: This second gravitational-wave observation provides improved constraints on stellar populations and on deviations from general relativity.
Journal ArticleDOI
A two-solar-mass neutron star measured using Shapiro delay
Paul Demorest,Timothy T. Pennucci,Scott M. Ransom,Mallory S. E. Roberts,Jason W. T. Hessels,Jason W. T. Hessels +5 more
TL;DR: Radio timing observations of the binary millisecond pulsar J1614-2230 that show a strong Shapiro delay signature are presented and the pulsar mass is calculated to be (1.97 ± 0.04)M⊙, which rules out almost all currently proposed hyperon or boson condensate equations of state.