Ghost reefs: Nautical charts document large spatial scale of coral reef loss over 240 years.
Loren McClenachan,Grace O’Connor,Benjamin P. Neal,John M. Pandolfi,Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Jeremy B. C. Jackson +5 more
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This work uses high-resolution historical nautical charts to quantify changes to benthic structure over 240 years in the Florida Keys, finding an overall loss of 52% of the area of the seafloor occupied by corals.Abstract:
Massive declines in population abundances of marine animals have been documented over century-long time scales. However, analogous loss of spatial extent of habitat-forming organisms is less well known because georeferenced data are rare over long time scales, particularly in subtidal, tropical marine regions. We use high-resolution historical nautical charts to quantify changes to benthic structure over 240 years in the Florida Keys, finding an overall loss of 52% (SE, 6.4%) of the area of the seafloor occupied by corals. We find a strong spatial dimension to this decline; the spatial extent of coral in Florida Bay and nearshore declined by 87.5% (SE, 7.2%) and 68.8% (SE, 7.5%), respectively, whereas that of offshore areas of coral remained largely intact. These estimates add to finer-scale loss in live coral cover exceeding 90% in some locations in recent decades. The near-complete elimination of the spatial coverage of nearshore coral represents an underappreciated spatial component of the shifting baseline syndrome, with important lessons for other species and ecosystems. That is, modern surveys are typically designed to assess change only within the species' known, extant range. For species ranging from corals to sea turtles, this approach may overlook spatial loss over longer time frames, resulting in both overly optimistic views of their current conservation status and underestimates of their restoration potential.read more
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Considerations for maximizing the adaptive potential of restored coral populations in the western Atlantic.
Iliana B. Baums,Andrew C. Baker,Sarah W. Davies,Andréa G. Grottoli,Carly D. Kenkel,Sheila A. Kitchen,Ilsa B. Kuffner,Todd C. LaJeunesse,Mikhail V. Matz,Margaret W. Miller,John Everett Parkinson,Andrew A. Shantz +11 more
TL;DR: Basic guidelines to help restoration practitioners meet the adaptive potential of reef‐building corals facing a rapidly changing environment are provided.
Proceedings Article
Comments on Origins of Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties in Ferroelectrics
TL;DR: In this article, the role of polarization rotation and monoclinic phases in the evolution of piezoelectric properties in ferroelectric materials has been discussed, and it is suggested that the polarization rotation is an old concept that was proposed more than 30 years ago to explain enhanced properties of Pb(Zr,Ti) 0 3 in the morphotropic phase boundary region.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-resolution habitat and bathymetry maps for 65,000 sq. km of Earth’s remotest coral reefs
Samuel J. Purkis,Arthur C. R. Gleason,Charlotte R. Purkis,Alexandra C. Dempsey,Philip Renaud,Mohamed Faisal,Steven Saul,Jeremy M Kerr +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a workflow demonstrating that DigitalGlobe imagery can be processed to useful products for reef conservation at regional to global scale, and further emphasize that the performance of their mapping workflow does not deteriorate with increasing size of the site mapped.
Journal ArticleDOI
Meta-Analysis Reveals Artificial Reefs Can Be Effective Tools for Fish Community Enhancement but Are Not One-Size-Fits-All
Avery B. Paxton,Kyle W. Shertzer,Nathan M. Bacheler,G. Todd Kellison,Kenneth L. Riley,J. Christopher Taylor +5 more
TL;DR: This article conducted a literature review and meta-analysis of fish community metrics on artificial reefs within the coastal ocean and made comparisons with naturally-occurring reference reefs (rocky reefs and coral reefs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Impacts of nitrogen pollution on corals in the context of global climate change and potential strategies to conserve coral reefs
Hongwei Zhao,Hongwei Zhao,Meile Yuan,Meile Yuan,Maryna Strokal,Henry C. Wu,Xianhua Liu,Alber Tinka Murk,Carolien Kroeze,Ronald Osinga +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the mechanisms by which nitrogen pollution affects coral health and corresponding strategies to reduce the impact of nitrogen pollution in coral reef ecosystems and found that different coral species possess varying tolerance thresholds for nitrogen enrichment and showed differential responses to enrichment with nitrate and ammonium.
References
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Impacts of biodiversity loss on ocean ecosystem services.
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