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Global Assessment of the SMAP Level-4 Surface and Root-Zone Soil Moisture Product Using Assimilation Diagnostics

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TLDR
The O-F auto-correlations suggest that the SMAP observations are used efficiently in western North America, the Sahel, and Australia, but not in many forested regions and the high northern latitudes.
Abstract
The Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission Level-4 Soil Moisture (L4_SM) product provides 3-hourly, 9-km resolution, global estimates of surface (0–5 cm) and root-zone (0–100 cm) soil moisture and related land surface variables from 31 March 2015 to present with ~2.5-day latency. The ensemble-based L4_SM algorithm assimilates SMAP brightness temperature (Tb) observations into the Catchment land surface model. This study describes the spatially distributed L4_SM analysis and assesses the observation-minus-forecast (O − F) Tb residuals and the soil moisture and temperature analysis increments. Owing to the climatological rescaling of the Tb observations prior to assimilation, the analysis is essentially unbiased, with global mean values of ~0.37 K for the O − F Tb residuals and practically zero for the soil moisture and temperature increments. There are, however, modest regional (absolute) biases in the O − F residuals (under ~3 K), the soil moisture increments (under ~0.01 m3 m−3), and the sur...

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The Ensemble Kalman Filter: Theoretical formulation and practical implementation

TL;DR: The EnKF has a large user group, and numerous publications have discussed applications and theoretical aspects of it as mentioned in this paper, and also presents new ideas and alternative interpretations which further explain the success of the EnkF.
Journal ArticleDOI

Assessment of the SMAP Level-4 surface and root-zone soil moisture product using in situ measurements

TL;DR: The Level-4 Surface and Root-Zone Soil Moisture (L4_SM) data product is generated by assimilating SMAP L-band brightness temperature observations into the NASA Catchment land surface model as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Validation practices for satellite soil moisture retrievals: what are (the) errors?

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a community effort to develop good practice guidelines for the validation of global coarse-scale satellite soil moisture products and provide theoretical background, a review of state-of-the-art methodologies for estimating errors in soil moisture data sets, practical recommendations on data pre-processing and presentation of statistical results, and a recommended validation protocol that is supplemented with an example validation exercise focused on microwave-based surface soil moisture product.
Journal ArticleDOI

Satellite and in situ observations for advancing global earth surface modelling: A review

TL;DR: This paper reviews the use of satellite-based remote sensing in combination with in situ data to inform Earth surface modelling, and discusses recent examples where satellite remote sensing is used to infer observable surface quantities directly or indirectly.
Journal ArticleDOI

A roadmap for high-resolution satellite soil moisture applications ─ confronting product characteristics with user requirements

TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes existing applications of satellite-derived soil moisture products and identifies gaps between the characteristics of currently available soil moisture product and the application requirements from various disciplines.
References
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Book

Applied Optimal Estimation

Arthur Gelb
TL;DR: This is the first book on the optimal estimation that places its major emphasis on practical applications, treating the subject more from an engineering than a mathematical orientation, and the theory and practice of optimal estimation is presented.
Book

Spectral analysis and its applications

TL;DR: In this paper, Spectral Analysis and its Applications, the authors present a set of applications of spectral analysis and its application in the field of spectroscopy, including the following:
Journal ArticleDOI

The Ensemble Kalman Filter: theoretical formulation and practical implementation

TL;DR: A fairly extensive discussion is devoted to the use of time correlated model errors and the estimation of model bias, and an ensemble based optimal interpolation scheme is presented as a cost-effective approach which may serve as an alternative to the EnKF in some applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

Investigating soil moisture-climate interactions in a changing climate: A review

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a synthesis of past research on the role of soil moisture for the climate system, based both on modelling and observational studies, focusing on soil moisture-temperature and soil moistureprecipitation feedbacks, and their possible modifications with climate change.

The Ensemble Kalman Filter: Theoretical formulation and practical implementation

TL;DR: The EnKF has a large user group, and numerous publications have discussed applications and theoretical aspects of it as mentioned in this paper, and also presents new ideas and alternative interpretations which further explain the success of the EnkF.
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