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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Heterogeneity in breast cancer

Kornelia Polyak
- 03 Oct 2011 - 
- Vol. 121, Iss: 10, pp 3786-3788
TLDR
The articles in this Review series discuss recent advances in the understanding of breast tumor heterogeneity, therapies tailored based on this knowledge, and future ways of assessing and treating heterogeneous tumors.
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. There is a high degree of diversity between and within tumors as well as among cancer-bearing individuals, and all of these factors together determine the risk of disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Advances in technologies such as whole-genome sequencing and functional viability screens now allow us to analyze tumors at unprecedented depths. However, translating this increasing knowledge into clinical practice remains a challenge in part due to tumor evolution driven by the diversity of cancer cell populations and their microenvironment. The articles in this Review series discuss recent advances in our understanding of breast tumor heterogeneity, therapies tailored based on this knowledge, and future ways of assessing and treating heterogeneous tumors.

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Citations
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SF-010-4 Distant metastasis occurs late during the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer

TL;DR: A quantitative analysis of the timing of the genetic evolution of pancreatic cancer was performed, indicating at least a decade between the occurrence of the initiating mutation and the birth of the parental, non-metastatic founder cell.
Journal ArticleDOI

Ki67 expression in breast cancer. Correlation with prognostic markers and clinicopathological parameters in Saudi patients.

TL;DR: The Ki67 PI is significantly higher in Saudi BC patients comparing with the reported literature, and was highest in the HER-2 and luminal-B molecular subtypes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Molecular portraits of human breast tumours

TL;DR: Variation in gene expression patterns in a set of 65 surgical specimens of human breast tumours from 42 different individuals were characterized using complementary DNA microarrays representing 8,102 human genes, providing a distinctive molecular portrait of each tumour.
Journal ArticleDOI

A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis

TL;DR: A model for the genetic basis of colorectal neoplasia that includes the following salient features is presented, which may be applicable to other common epithelial neoplasms, in which tumors of varying stage are more difficult to study.
Journal ArticleDOI

Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications

TL;DR: Survival analyses on a subcohort of patients with locally advanced breast cancer uniformly treated in a prospective study showed significantly different outcomes for the patients belonging to the various groups, including a poor prognosis for the basal-like subtype and a significant difference in outcome for the two estrogen receptor-positive groups.
Journal ArticleDOI

Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells

TL;DR: The ability to prospectively identify tumorigenic cancer cells will facilitate the elucidation of pathways that regulate their growth and survival and strategies designed to target this population may lead to more effective therapies.
Journal ArticleDOI

A cell initiating human acute myeloid leukaemia after transplantation into SCID mice

TL;DR: This in vivo model replicates many aspects of human AML and defines a new leukaemia-initiating cell which is less mature than colony-forming cells.
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