V o l .
25,
n o .
3 1979
ESA
BULL ETIN
219
ist manages crop pests. Hence, the author has chosen to
use the term pest-control instead of pest managemel't.
This move is contrary to the efforts of many scientists to
integrate these disciplines.
Chapters 6-10 present the different pest disciplines:
plant pathology, nematology, entomology, weeds and
vertebrates. These chapters were written by the author
and several of his colleagues, and are extrem ely inform-
ative and w ell written; but brevity prevents these chap-
ters from providing the details and examples necessary
to make this part a useful reference.
Chapter 11 deals with the systems approach to plant-
pest control. The author does a good job of explaining
the systems appmach to pest control in a manner readily
comprehensible to the average student. The last chapter
is used by the author to reiterate the importance of tak-
ing a holistic approach to crop production and crop pro-
tection.
The author for his writing and the publisher for de-
sign and typography are to be commended, but the brev-
ity of m ost chapters and the lack of m ore exam ples and
references make this book of little use as a reference
source to students seriously pursuing a com prehensive
introduction to integrated pest management. On the
other hand, this book would serve as an excellent outline
of m aterial for an introductory integrated pest manage-
ment course.
D. N.
FERRO
D e p t . o f E n t o m o l o g y
F e r n a l d H a l l
U n i v . o f M a s s .
A m h e r s t 0 1 0 0 3
HON EY BEE PESTS, PRE DATORS, A ND D ISEASES,
by R. A.
Morse, ed. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and Lon-
don, 430 pp. $27.50.
Sixteen authors have collaborated to produce an en-
cyclopedia of both common and little-know n facts about
problems encountered by honey
b e e s ,A p i s
sp. Written in
a technical style, this book is not a handbook on bee hus-
bandry but is a veterinary manual for serious students of
bee biology and insect pathology. The book's 16 chap-
ters and 4 appendices are supplemented by 1167 refer-
ences, an index of scientific names, and a general index.
The book is a quality publication.
The introduction by Editor Morse is concise, easily
understood, and helpful in that it prepares the lay per-
son for the extensive use of scientific nomenclature used
in subsequent chapters.
T. A. Gochnauer discusses viruses and rickettsiae and
provides the reader with the latest inform ation about this
relatively new field and its relationship to honey bees.
(Most of this references are from the 1960's and 1970's.)
Dr. Gochnauer stresses the need for better diagnoses and
treatments for viral diseases of the honey bees.
H. Shim anuki discusses 4 bacterial diseases of honey
bees: Am erican foulbrood, European foulbrood, septi-
cemia, and powdery scale. Gaps in our knowledge about
European foulbrood and powdery scale diseases are re-
vealed.
Protozoa are covered by B. Furgala and E. C. Mussen.
N O S N T l l l
disease receives the m ost attention (11 pages and
5 figures). A m oeba disease, gregarines, and flagellates
are also included.
M. G illiam discusses chalkbrood, stone brood , and other
related subjects in a chapter entitled "Fungi." The
number of references available on chalkbrood is quite
surprising, since
A s c o s p h a e r a a p i s
was not reported from
honey bees in the U. S. until 1972. These references nec-
essarily include m uch subjective information and specu-
lation since our knowledge about this disease is so incom-
plete. There is no chem otherapeutic agent for chalkbrood
disease.
The 2 pages on nem atodes by T. Lehnert provide the
shortest chapter, yet this seem s adequate for the subject.
Insect pests of honey bees are allotted 4 chapters by 4
separate authors.
J.
Williams has done a superb job of
covering the most serious insect pest, the greater w ax
moth. M r. W illiams also discusses the Indianm eal moth,
the M editerranean flour m oth, the dried-fruit m oth, the
lesser wax m oth, the bumble bee w ax moth, and the
death's head moth. L. K nutson reports 7 families of
Diptera as honey bee pests, and gives detailed informa-
tion about the distribution and taxonomy of each species.
Predatory Hymenoptera, including ants, hornets, yellow
jackets, bee wolves, velvet ants, and other wasps, are de-
scribed in an interesting chapter by D. Dejong. In the
final chapter on insect pests, D. M. Caron discusses 10
additional orders of insect pests of honey bees, their
combs, and the hive products.
Also, D. M . Caron and R. A. M orse discuss arachnid
pests of honey bees in separate chapters. The spiders and
pseudoscorpions are considerably less important than
the mites; however, the U. S. is apparently free of the 3
mites of economic consequence--Acarapis
w o o d i , T r o p i l a e -
l a p s c l a r e a e ,
and
V a r r o a j a c o b s o n i .
However,
V . j a c o b s o n i
has recently moved from Asia to Europe, Africa, and
South America where it has become a serious pest of
A p i s
m e l l i f e r a .
Other minor pests of honey bees in the U . S. include
amphibians, discussed by R. A. Morse, and birds dis-
cussed by
J.
T. A m brose. In other parts of the world
these pests are of considerable economic consequence
and the beekeeper's ingenuity in controlling them m ay
be a matter of life or death to a colony, or indeed, to an
industry. D. M. Caron surveys the literature on marsu-
pials and m ammals predatory on honey bees and pro-
vides suggestions for reducing bee losses from several of
these pests, including skunks and bears. Perhaps the
most serious mammalian pest described is a primate-
H o m o s a p i e n s .
Additional interesting reading in this book includes a
chapter by K . W. Tucker entitled "Abnormalities and
Noninfectious Disease," and a chapter by R.
J.
Barker
entitled "Poisoning by Plants." These authors present a
surprising array of non-disease problems that individ-
ua~ly or collectively might also spell disaster for bee col-
omes.
The book continues with still another stimulating
chapter, "Antibiotic Systems in Honey, Nectar and Pol-
len" by D. M . Burgett and a sum mary of control m eth-
ods by R. A. Morse and H. Shimanuki. Possibly som e of
the specific recom m endations for handling various prob-
lems might have been better incorporated into their re-
spective chapters. Also, Appendix 1, "Species of
A p i s " ,
by Morse, and appendix 2, "Synonymy in Bee Diseases",
by Shimanuki, could easily have been abbreviated and
incorporated into the introductory chapter. Appendices
3 and 4 summarize U. S. and Canadian bee disease laws,
respectively, and are appropriate, thorough, and ex-
trem ely useful. These 2 appendices were written by A. S.
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220 ESA BULLETIN
V o l .2 5 , n o . 3 1 9 7 9
Michael (now deceased) and Gochnauer, respectively.
Honey Bee Pests, Predators and Diseases is a unique
compilation of bee literature. It is written from the points
of view of North American bee scientists; however, ob-
servations and opinions are reported somewhat uncriti-
cally, and thus the book gives a cenain credibility to
"facts" that aren't necessarily true. U nfortunately, the
book does not touch on the m ost serious problem that
confronts many beekeepers throughout the world-pro-
tecting bees from pesticides. Perhaps this problem has
been discussed adequately elsewhere or warrants an en-
tire volum e.
GORDOND. WALLER
C a r l H a y d e n B e e R e s e a r c h
C e n t e r
A R - S E A , U S D A
T u c s o n , A Z 8 5 7 1 9
How INSECTSLIVE, by W alter M. Blaney. Elsevier-Pha-
don, Oxford.
160
pp.
1976.
Despite a few irritating spelling errors (e.g., "malpi-
gian" tubules and "fem ur"), and a few anatomical er-
rors (e.g., the m idgut is labeled the gizzard), this is really
a m ost beautifully illustrated and interestingly written
book that will appeal to a very wide audience. The vol-
ume is divided into the following chapters (1) an intro-
duction, (2) variations on a theme, (3) basic problems of
life, (4) locomotion on land and water, (5) wings and
flight, (6) food and feeding, (7) vision, (8) mechanical
and chemical senses, (9) reproduction, (10) growth and
development, (11) social insects, (12) communication and
navigation, (13) the struggle for survival, and (14) insects
and man. Although the book has a good index, it does
not have any references. The 168 color photographs are
often stunningly beautiful and the drawings are clear
and useful.
JACK CO LVARDJONES
D e p t . o f E n t o m o l o g y
U n i v . o f M a r y l a n d
C o l l e g e P a r k 2 0 7 4 2
PERSPECTIVESIN URBAN ENTOM O LOGY,ed. by G. W.
Frankie and C. S. Koehler. 1978. Academic Press,
New York. 417 pp. $21.50.
This m ulti-authored volume resulted largely as an out-
growth of a sym posium, "Ecology and Management of
Insect Populations in Urban Environments" held dur-
ing the 15th International Congress of Entomology , 1976,
in W ashington, D. C. It comprises 17 chapters contrib-
uted by renowned authorities in their specialties. Chap-
ter topics include widely diverse subjects such as: butter-
flies, garden insects, survey techniques and repons,
educational value of insect-plant relationships, medically
im portant arthropods, yellow jackets, urban apiculture,
structural pests and management, pest management of
plant-infesting arthropods, urbanite insecticide usage,
and sources of urban pest managem ent information.
As one might guess, such diversity leads to generality,
and many topics are either covered superficially or lim -
ited aspects are examined in such great detail that it is
difficult to grasp the full magnitude of the particular
area being discussed. M ost of the contributors, however,
included extremely extensive bibliographies at the end
of each chapter; and in m ost cases the reader should be
able to grasp the essential components within a chapter's
scope and refer to these references for additional infor-
mation. Unfortunately, the book does not contain a gen-
eral index, w hich makes it difficult to find highly specific
information without careful reading of appropriate
chapter(s).
The intended audience of this book evidently was not
clearly identified. Some chapters are written in descrip-
tive, narrative, "layman's" style, while others are ex-
trem ely technical, verbose, and of value only to those
working in or familiar with the particular area. Some
chapters are practically oriented, while others are highly
theoretical.
The publication is reproduced from photographed
typewritten copy, w hich detracts somewhat from its ap-
pearance but readability is good on quality nonglare pa-
per. Typographical errors are few (a "form " for
"from"), scientific nomenclature is italicized, trade-
marks noted, and pesticides are identified by approved
common nam es.
Several authors point out that people, not pests, are
our greatest problem. Urban facilities are constructed
with little regard for biological consequences. The gen-
eral public usually is not biologically oriented, and when
pest problems arise, they demand im mediate, complete
relief. One of the urban entomologist's most pressing
tasks is the education of the urbanite to accept reasonable
pest infestations and to choose control methods least dis-
ruptive to the environm ent. Since one report indicates
that most people rely on exterminators and nurserymen
for pest control advice, it is very important that these seg-
ments be knowledgable in all aspects of urban pest con-
trol.
The book is not suitable as a college text, although cer-
tain chapters m ight be utilized. The absence of an index
and lack of specific control recommendations lim it its
usefulness for the extension entomologist, while estab-
lished researchers would find little new information in
their respective fields. The book's greatest value is to a
person unfamiliar with urban entomology who w ishes a
good overview of this com plex area. The book solves few
problems but brings several into sharper focus.
R.
C. HILLMANN
E n t o m o l o g y D e p a r t m e n t
N .
C.
S t a t e U n i v .
R a l e i g h 2 7 6 5 0
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