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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Host Recognition of Bacterial Muramyl Dipeptide Mediated through NOD2 IMPLICATIONS FOR CROHN′S DISEASE

TLDR
NOD2 mediates the host response to bacterial muropeptides derived from peptidoglycan, an activity that is important for protection against Crohn's disease and has implications for understanding adjuvant function and effective vaccine development.
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This article is published in Journal of Biological Chemistry.The article was published on 2003-02-21 and is currently open access. It has received 1652 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Muramyl dipeptide & NOD2.

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Citations
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Toll-like receptors in innate immunity.

TL;DR: Toll-like receptors-mediated activation of innate immunity controls not only host defense against pathogens but also immune disorders, and the involvement of TLR-mediated pathways in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases has been proposed.
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Regulation and Function of NF-κB Transcription Factors in the Immune System

TL;DR: Much progress has been made in the past two years revealing new insights into the regulation and functions of NF-kappaB, and this recent progress is covered in this review.
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Caspase Functions in Cell Death and Disease

TL;DR: Dysregulation of caspases underlies human diseases including cancer and inflammatory disorders, and major efforts to design better therapies for these diseases seek to understand how these enzymes work and how they can be controlled.
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Toll-like receptors and innate immunity

TL;DR: This review focuses on the functions of PRRs in innate immunity and their downstream signaling cascades and identifies cytoplasmic PRRs to detect pathogens that have invaded cytosols.
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The immunological and genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease.

TL;DR: The most important finding is the identification of mutations in the gene that encodes NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) protein in a subgroup of patients with Crohn's disease.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

A frameshift mutation in NOD2 associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease

TL;DR: It is shown that a frameshift mutation caused by a cytosine insertion, 3020insC, which is expected to encode a truncated NOD2 protein, is associated with Crohn's disease, and a link between an innate immune response to bacterial components and development of disease is suggested.
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Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that TLR2 and TLR4 recognize different bacterial cell wall components in vivo andTLR2 plays a major role in Gram-positive bacterial recognition.
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Cell Activation and Apoptosis by Bacterial Lipoproteins Through Toll-like Receptor-2

TL;DR: BLPs were found to induce apoptosis in THP-1 monocytic cells through human Toll-like receptor-2 (hTLR2), which is a molecular link between microbial products, apoptosis, and host defense mechanisms.
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Nod2, a Nod1/Apaf-1 Family Member That Is Restricted to Monocytes and Activates NF-κB *

TL;DR: A subfamily of Apaf-1-like proteins that function through RICK to activate a NF-κB signaling pathway is defined, which contains a caspase recruitment domain linked to a nucleotide-binding domain and multiple C-terminal leucine-rich repeats.
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