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Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

TLDR
A brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries is presented, ongoing research strategies are highlighted, and the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems are discussed.
Abstract
Technological improvements in rechargeable solid-state batteries are being driven by an ever-increasing demand for portable electronic devices. Lithium-ion batteries are the systems of choice, offering high energy density, flexible and lightweight design, and longer lifespan than comparable battery technologies. We present a brief historical review of the development of lithium-based rechargeable batteries, highlight ongoing research strategies, and discuss the challenges that remain regarding the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance and safety of these systems.

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Lithium–sulfur batteries—the solution is in the electrolyte, but is the electrolyte a solution?

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a survey of the electrolyte composition of the lithium-sulfur battery and show that only by combining particular electrolytes with cathode materials that are designed to actively retain sulfur and its reduction products, have a relatively few studies been able to obtain the desired levels of performance.
Journal ArticleDOI

Conformal Fe3O4 sheath on aligned carbon nanotube scaffolds as high-performance anodes for lithium ion batteries.

TL;DR: A uniform Fe(3)O(4) sheath is magnetron sputtered onto aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) scaffolds that are directly drawn from CNT arrays that exhibit high reversible capacity, remarkable capacity retention, as well as high rate capability.
Journal ArticleDOI

Bulk fatigue induced by surface reconstruction in layered Ni-rich cathodes for Li-ion batteries

TL;DR: A structure-driven degradation mechanism for NMC811, in which a proportion of the material exhibits a lowered accessible state of charge at the end of charging after repetitive cycling and becomes fatigued, is reported and provides fundamental insights into strategies to help mitigate this degradation process.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Nano-sized transition-metal oxides as negative-electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

TL;DR: It is reported that electrodes made of nanoparticles of transition-metal oxides (MO), where M is Co, Ni, Cu or Fe, demonstrate electrochemical capacities of 700 mA h g-1, with 100% capacity retention for up to 100 cycles and high recharging rates.
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LixCoO2 (0<x<-1): A new cathode material for batteries of high energy density

TL;DR: In this paper, a new system LixCoO2 (0 Li x CoO 2 Li ) is proposed, which shows low overvoltages and good reversibility for current densities up to 4 mA cm−2 over a large range of x.
Journal ArticleDOI

Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries

TL;DR: In this article, the authors showed that nanometre-sized ceramic powders can be used as solid plasticizers for polyethylene oxide (PEO) electrolytes to prevent crystallization on annealing from amorphous state above 60°C.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tin-Based Amorphous Oxide: A High-Capacity Lithium-Ion-Storage Material

TL;DR: A tin-based amorphous composite oxide (TCO) was synthesized in this paper to replace the carbon-based lithium intercalation materials currently in extensive use as the negative electrode (anode) of lithium-ion rechargeable batteries.
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Issues and challenges facing rechargeable lithium batteries

The paper discusses the challenges in the synthesis, characterization, electrochemical performance, and safety of rechargeable lithium batteries.