Open AccessJournal Article
Leptospirosis vaccines: Past, present, and future
Nobuo Koizumi,H Watanabe +1 more
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TLDR
Past and current findings about leptospiral antigens that are conserved among pathogenic leptonospires and that induce protective immunity in animal models are summarized.Abstract:
It is well known that Leptospira vaccine prevents the disease. However specificity for serovars limits the efficacy of killed whole cell vaccines. Leptospiral antigens that induce cross-protective immunity to the various serovars are sought as new vaccine candidates. In this paper, we have summarized both past and current findings about leptospiral antigens that are conserved among pathogenic leptospires and that induce protective immunity in animal models. The full-length genome sequences of two Leptospira strains have been published and reverse vaccinology has been used to identify leptospiral vaccine candidates. Although humoral immunity is thought to be dominant in protection from leptospiral infection, a role for cell-mediated immunity is now being explored.read more
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Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health
TL;DR: A large number of pathogens that are directly or indirectly transmitted by rodents are described and a simplified rodent disease model is discussed.
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Leptospira : the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen
TL;DR: The life cycle of the bacterium, the recent advances in understanding and the implications for the future prevention of leptospirosis are discussed.
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Leptospirosis in the Asia Pacific region
Ann Florence B. Victoriano,Lee D. Smythe,Nina Gloriani-Barzaga,Lolita L Cavinta,Takeshi Kasai,Khanchit Limpakarnjanarat,Bee Lee Ong,Gyanendra Gongal,Julie Lyn Hall,Caroline Anne Coulombe,Yasutake Yanagihara,Shin-ichi Yoshida,Ben Adler +12 more
TL;DR: In the Asia Pacific region, predominantly in developing countries, leptospirosis is largely a water-borne disease and unless interventions to minimize exposure are aggressively implemented, the current global climate change will further aggravate the extent of the disease problem.
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The antipoverty vaccines.
Peter J. Hotez,Meghan T. Ferris +1 more
TL;DR: It is possible to consider new generation vaccines as well for amebiasis, Buruli ulcer, Chagas disease, Chlamydia infections, leprosy, leptospirosis, and the treponematoses.
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Vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases.
Jeffrey M. Bethony,Rhea N. Cole,Xiaoti Guo,Shaden Kamhawi,Marshall W. Lightowlers,Alex Loukas,William A. Petri,Steven G. Reed,Jesus G. Valenzuela,Peter J. Hotez +9 more
TL;DR: The current status of scientific and technical progress in the development of new neglected tropical disease vaccines is reviewed, highlighting the successes that have been achieved (cysticercosis and echinococcosis) and identifying the challenges and opportunities forDevelopment of new vaccines for NTDs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Leptospirosis: a zoonotic disease of global importance
Ajay R. Bharti,Jarlath E. Nally,Jessica N. Ricaldi,Michael A. Matthias,Monica M. Diaz,Michael A. Lovett,Paul N. Levett,Robert H. Gilman,Michael R. Willig,Eduardo Gotuzzo,Joseph M. Vinetz +10 more
TL;DR: The completion of the genome sequence of Leptospira interrogans serovar lai, and other continuing leptospiral genome sequencing projects, promise to guide future work on the disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing
Shuang-Xi Ren,Shuang-Xi Ren,Gang Fu,Xiu-Gao Jiang,Rong Zeng,You-Gang Miao,Hai Xu,Yi-Xuan Zhang,Hui Xiong,Gang Lu,Ling-Feng Lu,Hong-Quan Jiang,Jia Jia,Yuefeng Tu,Ju-Xing Jiang,Wenyi Gu,Yue-Qing Zhang,Yue-Qing Zhang,Zhen Cai,Haihui Sheng,Hai-Feng Yin,Yi Zhang,Genfeng Zhu,Ma Wan,Hong-Lei Huang,Zhen Qian,Shengyue Wang,Wei Ma,Zhijian Yao,Yan Shen,Boqin Qiang,Qi-Chang Xia,Xiaokui Guo,Antoine Danchin,Isabelle Saint Girons,Ronald L. Somerville,Yu-Mei Wen,Man-Hua Shi,Zhu Chen,Jianguo Xu,Guoping Zhao,Guoping Zhao +41 more
TL;DR: The complete genomic sequence of a representative virulent serovar type strain (Lai) of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae is reported, consisting of a 4.33-megabase large chromosome and a 359-kilobase small chromosome, with a total of 4,768 predicted genes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Leptospiral Major Outer Membrane Protein LipL32 Is a Lipoprotein Expressed during Mammalian Infection
David A. Haake,David A. Haake,Garlo Chao,Richard L. Zuerner,Jeanne K. Barnett,Dean Barnett,Mary K. Mazel,James Matsunaga,James Matsunaga,Paul N. Levett,Carole A. Bolin +10 more
TL;DR: The cloning of the gene encoding the 32-kDa lipoprotein, designated LipL32, the most prominent protein in the leptospiral protein profile, is reported, indicating that LipL 32 may be important in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and prevention ofLeptospirosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparative Genomics of Two Leptospira interrogans Serovars Reveals Novel Insights into Physiology and Pathogenesis
Ana L. T. O. Nascimento,Albert I. Ko,Albert I. Ko,Elizabeth A. L. Martins,Claudia Barros Monteiro-Vitorello,Paulo L. Ho,David A. Haake,David A. Haake,Sergio Verjovski-Almeida,Rudy A. Hartskeerl,Marilis V. Marques,Mariana Cabral de Oliveira,Carlos Frederico Martins Menck,Luciana C. C. Leite,Helaine Carrer,Luiz Lehmann Coutinho,Wim Degrave,Odir Antônio Dellagostin,Hamza El-Dorry,Emer S. Ferro,Maria Inês Tiraboschi Ferro,Luiz Roberto Furlan,Marcia Gamberini,E. A. Giglioti,Aristóteles Góes-Neto,Gustavo H. Goldman,Maria Helena S. Goldman,Ricardo Harakava,Selma M. B. Jeronimo,Inácio L.M. Junqueira-de-Azevedo,Edna Teruko Kimura,Eiko E. Kuramae,Eliana Gertrudes de Macedo Lemos,Manoel Victor Franco Lemos,Celso Luis Marino,Luiz R. Nunes,R. C. de Oliveira,Gonçalo A.G. Pereira,Marcelo S. Reis,A. Schriefer,Walter José Siqueira,P. Sommer,Siu Mui Tsai,Andrew J. G. Simpson,Jesus Aparecido Ferro,Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo,João Paulo Kitajima,João C. Setubal,M. A. Van Sluys +48 more
TL;DR: Genome sequence analysis elucidates many of the novel aspects of leptospiral physiology relating to energy metabolism, oxygen tolerance, two-component signal transduction systems, and mechanisms of pathogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crystal structure of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli intimin-receptor complex.
Yu Luo,Elizabeth A. Frey,Richard A. Pfuetzner,A.L. Creagh,D.G. Knoechel,Charles A. Haynes,B. Brett Finlay,Natalie C. J. Strynadka +7 more
TL;DR: The crystal structures of an EPEC intimin carboxy-terminal fragment alone and in complex with the EPEC Tir intimin-binding domain are described, giving insight into the molecular mechanisms of adhesion of A/E pathogens.
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