Journal ArticleDOI
Liquid fuels, hydrogen and chemicals from lignin: A critical review
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, the authors assess how thermochemical processes can be used to isolate lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass, and subsequently convert it to liquid fuels, hydrogen, and aromatic monomers.Abstract:
Our severe dependence on fossil resources for the production of fuels and chemicals is responsible for two major global challenges: declining the fuel supply and increasing the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals can be a part of the low-carbon solution to both issues. Among various biomass species, inedible biomass such as lignocellulosics is the preferred choice for such applications due to their minimal impact on the food security. While technologies for the conversion of carbohydrates to value-added materials such as pulp, sugar monomers, and ethanol are well-established, lignin upgrading and valorization processes are significantly less-developed, and technical lignins are almost entirely burnt to generate heat and steam. The economic viability of biorefineries – which will receive significant amounts of lignin in future – can potentially improve significantly when advanced technologies are available that aid the conversion of lignin to value-added compounds. In this paper we assess how thermochemical processes can be used to isolate lignin from the lignocellulosic biomass, and subsequently convert it to liquid fuels, hydrogen, and aromatic monomers. To this end, different depolymerization, gasification and upgrading technologies for lignin conversion will be considered. Finally, the foreseeable applications of lignin-based products, the future directions for development, and the potential supportive interventions from policy makers are critically assessed.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular Products and Fundamentally Based Reaction Pathways in the Gas-Phase Pyrolysis of the Lignin Model Compound p-Coumaryl Alcohol.
TL;DR: Calculations suggest that a set of the chemically activated secondary radical channels is relevant to the low temperature product formation under fractional pyrolysis conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of steam explosion treatment on chemical composition and characteristic of organosolv fescue lignin
Guillaume Maniet,Quentin Schmetz,Nicolas Jacquet,Michaël Temmerman,Sébastien Gofflot,Aurore Richel +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a combination of steam explosion and an acetic/formic acid pretreatments are applied on raw fescue to optimize lignin extraction yields and obtain specific products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Engineered Microbial Production of 2-Pyrone-4,6-Dicarboxylic Acid from Lignin Residues for Use as an Industrial Platform Chemical
Yun Qian,Yuichiro Otsuka,Tomonori Sonoki,Biswarup Mukhopadhyay,Masaya Nakamura,Jody Jellison,Barry Goodell +6 more
TL;DR: A transgenic P. putida bacterial strain PDHV85 was developed with the capability to convert vanillin, vanillic acid, and syringaldehyde to 2pyrone-4,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDC), a novel platform chemical that can produce a variety of bio-based polymers as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extraction of nanolignin from coconut fibers by controlled microbial hydrolysis
Siddhi J. Juikar,N. Vigneshwaran +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the bulk lignin extracted from coconut fibers by soda pulping process was subjected to controlled hydrolysis by a lignins degrading fungal isolate, Aspergillus sp.
Journal ArticleDOI
Renewable Polyurethanes from Sustainable Biological Precursors.
Thien An Phung Hai,Marissa Tessman,Nitin Neelakantan,Anton A. Samoylov,Yuri Ito,Bhausaheb S. Rajput,Naser Pourahmady,Michael D. Burkart,Michael D. Burkart +8 more
TL;DR: A review of the latest developments in PU chemistry from renewable raw materials, as well as the various biological precursors being employed in the synthesis of thermoset and thermoplastic PUs is provided in this article.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis
TL;DR: In this article, the pyrolysis characteristics of three main components (hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin) of biomass were investigated using, respectively, a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) detector and a pack bed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of U.S. Croplands for Biofuels Increases Greenhouse Gases Through Emissions from Land-Use Change
Tim Searchinger,Ralph E. Heimlich,Richard A. Houghton,Fengxia Dong,Amani Elobeid,Jacinto F. Fabiosa,Simla Tokgoz,Dermot J. Hayes,Tun-Hsiang Yu +8 more
TL;DR: This article found that corn-based ethanol, instead of producing a 20% savings, nearly doubled greenhouse emissions over 30 years and increased greenhouse gases for 167 years, by using a worldwide agricultural model to estimate emissions from land-use change.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals
TL;DR: Biomass is an important feedstock for the renewable production of fuels, chemicals, and energy, and it recently surpassed hydroelectric energy as the largest domestic source of renewable energy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental, economic, and energetic costs and benefits of biodiesel and ethanol biofuels
TL;DR: Transportation biofuels such as synfuel hydrocarbons or cellulosic ethanol, if produced from low-input biomass grown on agriculturally marginal land or from waste biomass, could provide much greater supplies and environmental benefits than food-basedBiofuels.
Book
Lignins. Occurrence, Formation, Structure and Reactions
TL;DR: In this paper, a treatise on lignin sifts and knowledge accumulated from over a century of thought on nature's most enigmatic polymer and presents a workable, logical text.