Neurotrophic and Neuroregenerative Effects of GH/IGF1.
TLDR
It seems evident that GH and IGF-1 therapy favors the optimal recovery of neurons when a consistent residual activity is still present, and more complex clinical protocols are necessary to evaluate the effect of GH/IGF-1 efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases.Abstract:
Introduction. Human neurodegenerative diseases increase progressively with age and present a high social and economic burden. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are both growth factors exerting trophic effects on neuronal regeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). GH and IGF-1 stimulate protein synthesis in neurons, glia, oligodendrocytes, and Schwann cells, and favor neuronal survival, inhibiting apoptosis. This study aims to evaluate the effect of GH and IGF-1 on neurons, and their possible therapeutic clinical applications on neuron regeneration in human subjects. Methods. In the literature, we searched the clinical trials and followed up studies in humans, which have evaluated the effect of GH/IGF-1 on CNS and PNS. The following keywords have been used: “GH/IGF-1” associated with “neuroregeneration”, “amyotrophic lateral sclerosis”, “Alzheimer disease”, “Parkinson’s disease”, “brain”, and “neuron”. Results. Of the retrieved articles, we found nine articles about the effect of GH in healthy patients who suffered from traumatic brain injury (TBI), and six studies (four using IGF-1 and two GH therapy) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The administration of GH in patients after TBI showed a significantly positive recovery of brain and mental function. Treatment with GH and IGF-1 therapy in ALS produced contradictory results. Conclusions. Although strong findings have shown the positive effects of GH/IGF-1 administration on neuroregeneration in animal models, a very limited number of clinical studies have been conducted in humans. GH/IGF-1 therapy had different effects in patients with TBI, evidencing a high recovery of neurons and clinical outcome, while in ALS patients, the results are contradictory. More complex clinical protocols are necessary to evaluate the effect of GH/IGF-1 efficacy in neurodegenerative diseases. It seems evident that GH and IGF-1 therapy favors the optimal recovery of neurons when a consistent residual activity is still present. Furthermore, the effect of GH/IGF-1 could be mediated by, or be overlapped with that of other hormones, such as estradiol and testosterone.read more
Citations
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I. T-A (2006) Therapeutic actions of insulin-like growth factor I on APP/PS2 mice with severe brain amyloidosis
Eva Carro,José Luis Trejo,A. Gerber,Hansruedi Loetscher,Juan J. Torrado,Friedrich Metzger,I. Torres Aleman +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a systemic slow-release formulation of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was used to treat mice expressing mutant forms of both amyloid-beta (Abeta) precursor protein (APP) and presenilin (PS) 2.
Journal ArticleDOI
A primary neural cell culture model to study neuron, astrocyte, and microglia interactions in neuroinflammation.
TL;DR: The tri-culture consisting of neurons, astrocytes, and microglia more faithfully mimics in vivo neuroinflammatory responses than standard mono- and co-cultures and played a significant neuroprotective role during glutamate-induced excitotoxicity.
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The Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins in the Nervous System.
Moira Lewitt,Gary Boyd +1 more
TL;DR: There is substantial evidence for a specific role for this system in some neurodegenerative diseases, and neuroprotective actions make this system an attractive target for new therapeutic approaches, and gaps in knowledge are highlighted.
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40 YEARS of IGF1: IGF1: the Jekyll and Hyde of the aging brain.
TL;DR: A broad examination of the data indicates that IGF1 may indeed play opposing roles in the aging brain, depending on the underlying pathology and context, andreciating the dual, at times opposing 'Dr Jekyll' and 'Mr Hyde' characteristics of IGF1 in the Aging brain will bring us closer to understanding its impact and devising more targeted IGF1-related interventions.
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Implications of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Skeletal Muscle and Various Diseases.
TL;DR: The role of IGF-1 in skeletal muscle, its importance during myogenesis, and its involvement in different disease conditions are highlighted.
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