PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade: Have We Found the Key to Unleash the Antitumor Immune Response?
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TLDR
Improve understanding of the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy, as well as enhance the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance mechanisms and unleash the antitumor immune response to combat cancer.Abstract:
PD-1-PD-L1 interaction is known to drive T cell dysfunction, which can be blocked by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. However, studies have also shown that the function of the PD-1-PD-L1 axis is affected by the complex immunologic regulation network, and some CD8+ T cells can enter an irreversible dysfunctional state that cannot be rescued by PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. In most advanced cancers, except Hodgkin lymphoma (which has high PD-L1/L2 expression) and melanoma (which has high tumor mutational burden), the objective response rate with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy is only ~20%, and immune-related toxicities and hyperprogression can occur in a small subset of patients during PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapy. The lack of efficacy in up to 80% of patients was not necessarily associated with negative PD-1 and PD-L1 expression, suggesting that the roles of PD-1/PD-L1 in immune suppression and the mechanisms of action of antibodies remain to be better defined. In addition, important immune regulatory mechanisms within or outside of the PD-1/PD-L1 network need to be discovered and targeted to increase the response rate and to reduce the toxicities of immune checkpoint blockade therapies. This paper reviews the major functional and clinical studies of PD-1/PD-L1, including those with discrepancies in the pathologic and biomarker role of PD-1 and PD-L1 and the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. The goal is to improve understanding of the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade immunotherapy, as well as enhance the development of therapeutic strategies to overcome the resistance mechanisms and unleash the antitumor immune response to combat cancer.read more
Citations
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PD-1/PD-L1 expression and interaction by automated quantitative immunofluorescent analysis show adverse prognostic impact in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma having T-cell infiltration: a study from the International DLBCL Consortium Program.
Ling Li,Ruifang Sun,Yi Miao,Thai Tran,Lisa Adams,Nathan Roscoe,Bing Xu,Ganiraju C. Manyam,Xiaohong Tan,Hongwei Zhang,Min Xiao,Alexandar Tzankov,Carlo Visco,Karen Dybkær,Govind Bhagat,Wayne Tam,Eric D Hsi,J. Han van Krieken,Hua You,Jooryung Huh,Maurilio Ponzoni,Andrés J M Ferreri,Michael Boe Møller,Miguel A. Piris,Mingzhi Zhang,Jane N. Winter,L. Jeffrey Medeiros,George Z. Rassidakis,Christine Vaupel,Yong Li,Naveen Dakappagari,Zijun Y. Xu-Monette,Ken H. Young,Ken H. Young +33 more
TL;DR: The results suggest the benefit of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade therapies only in patients with sufficient T-cell infiltration, and the potential of immunofluorescent assays and Automated Quantitative Analysis in the clinical assessment of PD/L1 expression and interaction.
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