Peculiarities of cell death mechanisms in neutrophils.
Barbara Geering,Hans-Uwe Simon +1 more
TLDR
The current and emerging models of neutrophil cell death mechanisms are reviewed with a focus on neutrophils peculiarities, including mitochondrial death pathway, and pharmacological intervention of inflammation.Abstract:
Analyses of neutrophil death mechanisms have revealed many similarities with other cell types; however, a few important molecular features make these cells unique executors of cell death mechanisms. For instance, in order to fight invading pathogens, neutrophils possess a potent machinery to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Evidence is emerging that these ROS are crucial in the execution of most neutrophil cell death mechanisms. Likewise, neutrophils exhibit many diverse granules that are packed with cytotoxic mediators. Of those, cathepsins were recently shown to activate pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family members and caspases, thus acting on apoptosis regulators. Moreover, neutrophils have few mitochondria, which hardly participate in ATP synthesis, as neutrophils gain energy from glycolysis. In spite of relatively low levels of cytochrome c in these cells, the mitochondrial death pathway is functional. In addition to these pecularities defining neutrophil death pathways, neutrophils are terminally differentiated cells, hence they do not divide but undergo apoptosis shortly after maturation. The initial trigger of this spontaneous apoptosis remains to be determined, but may result from low transcription and translation activities in mature neutrophils. Due to the unique biological characteristics of neutrophils, pharmacological intervention of inflammation has revealed unexpected and sometimes disappointing results when neutrophils were among the prime target cells during therapy. In this study, we review the current and emerging models of neutrophil cell death mechanisms with a focus on neutrophil peculiarities.read more
Citations
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Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in neutrophil fate.
TL;DR: The neutrophil emerges as a unique and powerful cellular model to unravel the basic mechanisms governing the cell cycle‐independent functions of PCNA and should be considered as a leader of the pack.
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Extracellular NAD(+) inhibits human neutrophil apoptosis.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that extracellular NAD+ inhibits neutrophil apoptosis via P2Y11 receptor and cAMP/PKA pathway by regulating Mcl-1 level, Bax targeting to the mitochondria and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and the pro-survival effect of extrace cellular NAD+ was abrogated by the inhibitor of caspase-9, but not by the inhibitors of cspase-8.
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Many Ways-One Destination: Different Types of Neutrophils Death.
TL;DR: This review article summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the different forms of neutrophil death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy, NETosis and pyroptosis.
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Extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal cells as nanotherapeutics for liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury by transferring mitochondria to modulate the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps.
Tongyu Lu,Jiebin Zhang,Jianye Cai,Jiaqi Xiao,Xinyi Sui,XiaoFeng Yuan,Rong Li,Yang Liu,Jia Yao,Guowei Lv,Xiaoyan Chen,Haitian Chen,Kai Zeng,Yasong Liu,Wenjie Chen,Gui-hua Chen,Yan Yang,Junhua Zheng,Yingcai Zhang +18 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper showed that mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are considered a potent alternative for whole-cell therapy and are gradually entering the clinical field of liver diseases.
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Complexity of the cell-cell interactions in the innate immune response after cerebral ischemia.
TL;DR: The key features of resident microglia and different leukocyte subsets implicated in cerebral ischemia with special emphasis of neutrophils, monocytes andmicroglia are discussed and different strategies used to inhibit their recruitment are described.
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