Peculiarities of cell death mechanisms in neutrophils.
Barbara Geering,Hans-Uwe Simon +1 more
TLDR
The current and emerging models of neutrophil cell death mechanisms are reviewed with a focus on neutrophils peculiarities, including mitochondrial death pathway, and pharmacological intervention of inflammation.Abstract:
Analyses of neutrophil death mechanisms have revealed many similarities with other cell types; however, a few important molecular features make these cells unique executors of cell death mechanisms. For instance, in order to fight invading pathogens, neutrophils possess a potent machinery to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Evidence is emerging that these ROS are crucial in the execution of most neutrophil cell death mechanisms. Likewise, neutrophils exhibit many diverse granules that are packed with cytotoxic mediators. Of those, cathepsins were recently shown to activate pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family members and caspases, thus acting on apoptosis regulators. Moreover, neutrophils have few mitochondria, which hardly participate in ATP synthesis, as neutrophils gain energy from glycolysis. In spite of relatively low levels of cytochrome c in these cells, the mitochondrial death pathway is functional. In addition to these pecularities defining neutrophil death pathways, neutrophils are terminally differentiated cells, hence they do not divide but undergo apoptosis shortly after maturation. The initial trigger of this spontaneous apoptosis remains to be determined, but may result from low transcription and translation activities in mature neutrophils. Due to the unique biological characteristics of neutrophils, pharmacological intervention of inflammation has revealed unexpected and sometimes disappointing results when neutrophils were among the prime target cells during therapy. In this study, we review the current and emerging models of neutrophil cell death mechanisms with a focus on neutrophil peculiarities.read more
Citations
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Anhydroglucitol-core gallotannins from red maple buds modulate viability of human blood neutrophils.
TL;DR: The role of anhydroglucitol-core gallotannins (ACGs) in apoptosis increase of human blood neutrophils treated by the hot water extract from red maple buds is investigated.
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Splenic T lymphocytes induce the formation of immunosuppressive neutrophils through IFN-γ in sepsis.
TL;DR: Wang et al. as discussed by the authors showed that the secretion of IFN-γ by splenic T lymphocytes induces the production of PD-L1+ PMNs through the JAK2/STAT1 pathway in sepsis.
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Streptococcus pyogenes M1T1 variants induce an inflammatory phenotype in neutrophils
Jonathan G. Williams,Diane Ly,Nicholas J. Geraghty,Jason D. McArthur,Heema K. N. Vyas,Jody Gorman,James A. Tsatsaronis,Ronald Sluyter,Martina L. Sanderson-Smith +8 more
TL;DR: In vivo mouse studies confirmed activation of caspase-1 in neutrophils, while 5448AP infection increased circulating IL-1β and TNF-α release, contributing to the severity of invasive GAS infections.
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Production of active oxygen species by blood phagocytes of pregnant women and their newborns with intrauterine infection.
TL;DR: An inverse relationship between the parameters venous and umbilical cord blood was detected indicating a relationship between changes in functional activities of maternal and newborn granulocyte functions under conditions of infection risk and realization.
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Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Ion Channel Facilitates Acute Inflammation Induced by Surgical Incision in Mice
TL;DR: Early innate immune responses including neutrophil infiltration and macrophage polarization at incised sites were inhibited in TRPA1-/- mice, associated with increased pro-inflammatory mediators in later phase.
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Volker Brinkmann,Ulrike Reichard,Christian Goosmann,Beatrix Fauler,Yvonne Uhlemann,David S. Weiss,Yvette Weinrauch,Yvette Weinrauch,Arturo Zychlinsky +8 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Novel cell death program leads to neutrophil extracellular traps
Tobias A. Fuchs,Ulrike Abu Abed,Christian Goosmann,Robert Hurwitz,Ilka Schulze,Volker Wahn,Yvette Weinrauch,Volker Brinkmann,Arturo Zychlinsky +8 more
TL;DR: This novel ROS-dependent death allows neutrophils to fulfill their antimicrobial function, even beyond their lifespan.
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