Peculiarities of cell death mechanisms in neutrophils.
Barbara Geering,Hans-Uwe Simon +1 more
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TLDR
The current and emerging models of neutrophil cell death mechanisms are reviewed with a focus on neutrophils peculiarities, including mitochondrial death pathway, and pharmacological intervention of inflammation.Abstract:
Analyses of neutrophil death mechanisms have revealed many similarities with other cell types; however, a few important molecular features make these cells unique executors of cell death mechanisms. For instance, in order to fight invading pathogens, neutrophils possess a potent machinery to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Evidence is emerging that these ROS are crucial in the execution of most neutrophil cell death mechanisms. Likewise, neutrophils exhibit many diverse granules that are packed with cytotoxic mediators. Of those, cathepsins were recently shown to activate pro-apoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) family members and caspases, thus acting on apoptosis regulators. Moreover, neutrophils have few mitochondria, which hardly participate in ATP synthesis, as neutrophils gain energy from glycolysis. In spite of relatively low levels of cytochrome c in these cells, the mitochondrial death pathway is functional. In addition to these pecularities defining neutrophil death pathways, neutrophils are terminally differentiated cells, hence they do not divide but undergo apoptosis shortly after maturation. The initial trigger of this spontaneous apoptosis remains to be determined, but may result from low transcription and translation activities in mature neutrophils. Due to the unique biological characteristics of neutrophils, pharmacological intervention of inflammation has revealed unexpected and sometimes disappointing results when neutrophils were among the prime target cells during therapy. In this study, we review the current and emerging models of neutrophil cell death mechanisms with a focus on neutrophil peculiarities.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
Assessment of neutrophil apoptosis.
TL;DR: The key in vitro assays used to assess neutrophil apoptosis, activation of key components of the apoptotic machinery, and phagocytic clearance of these cells are outlined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Identification of key protein-coding genes and lncRNAs in spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis.
Nan Jiang,Xinzhuo Zhang,Yancheng He,Bo Luo,Chengcheng He,Yu Liang,Jingyuan Zeng,Wei Li,Yujun Xian,Xiaoli Zheng +9 more
TL;DR: Data altogether demonstrated that these genes are involved in the regulation of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis and the corresponding gene products could also serve as potential key regulatory molecules for PMN apoptotic and/or therapeutic targets for over-reactive inflammatory response caused by the abnormality in PMn apoptosis.
References
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