Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification.
Shuichi Jono,Marc D. McKee,Charles E. Murry,Atsushi Shioi,Yoshiki Nishizawa,Katsuhito Mori,Hirotoshi Morii,Cecilia M. Giachelli +7 more
TLDR
It is suggested that elevated phosphate may directly stimulate HSMCs to undergo phenotypic changes that predispose to calcification and offer a novel explanation of the phenomenon of vascular calcification under hyperphosphatemic conditions.Abstract:
Vascular calcification is a common finding in atherosclerosis and a serious problem in diabetic and uremic patients. Because of the correlation of hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification, the ability of extracellular inorganic phosphate levels to regulate human aortic smooth muscle cell (HSMC) culture mineralization in vitro was examined. HSMCs cultured in media containing normal physiological levels of inorganic phosphate (1.4 mmol/L) did not mineralize. In contrast, HSMCs cultured in media containing phosphate levels comparable to those seen in hyperphosphatemic individuals (>1.4 mmol/L) showed dose-dependent increases in mineral deposition. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated phosphate treatment of HSMCs also enhanced the expression of the osteoblastic differentiation markers osteocalcin and Cbfa-1. The effects of elevated phosphate on HSMCs were mediated by a sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (NPC), as indicated by the ability of the specific NPC inhibitor phosphonoformic acid, to dose dependently inhibit phosphate-induced calcium deposition as well as osteocalcin and Cbfa-1 gene expression. With the use of polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analyses, the NPC in HSMCs was identified as Pit-1 (Glvr-1), a member of the novel type III NPCs. These data suggest that elevated phosphate may directly stimulate HSMCs to undergo phenotypic changes that predispose to calcification and offer a novel explanation of the phenomenon of vascular calcification under hyperphosphatemic conditions. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Vascular Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease: Distinct Features of Pathogenesis and Clinical Implication.
Jin Sug Kim,Hyeon Seok Hwang +1 more
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Book ChapterDOI
Recent Advances in the Management of Vascular Calcification in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
TL;DR: A better understanding of the potential therapeutic approaches to VC may lead to improved mortality rates among patients with CKD including those on dialysis, and this review article summarizes the current management of VC in patients with ESRD.
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Mechanisms of calcification by vesicles isolated from atherosclerotic rabbit aortas.
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Review of cinacalcet hydrochloride in the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Farhanah Yousaf,Chaim Charytan +1 more
TL;DR: There is evidence to suggest that cinacalcet has important clinical implications, which extend beyond its relevance in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism, disrupted bone mineral metabolism, cardiovascular disease, and mortality.
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Gastrointestinal phosphate handling in CKD and its association with cardiovascular disease
TL;DR: It is suggested that research efforts be oriented toward better understanding of the factors that affect phosphate absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and the development of agents that directly inhibit phosphate transporters in the small intestine and/or their associated binding proteins.
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