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Open AccessJournal ArticleDOI

Phosphate regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell calcification.

TLDR
It is suggested that elevated phosphate may directly stimulate HSMCs to undergo phenotypic changes that predispose to calcification and offer a novel explanation of the phenomenon of vascular calcification under hyperphosphatemic conditions.
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common finding in atherosclerosis and a serious problem in diabetic and uremic patients. Because of the correlation of hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification, the ability of extracellular inorganic phosphate levels to regulate human aortic smooth muscle cell (HSMC) culture mineralization in vitro was examined. HSMCs cultured in media containing normal physiological levels of inorganic phosphate (1.4 mmol/L) did not mineralize. In contrast, HSMCs cultured in media containing phosphate levels comparable to those seen in hyperphosphatemic individuals (>1.4 mmol/L) showed dose-dependent increases in mineral deposition. Mechanistic studies revealed that elevated phosphate treatment of HSMCs also enhanced the expression of the osteoblastic differentiation markers osteocalcin and Cbfa-1. The effects of elevated phosphate on HSMCs were mediated by a sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporter (NPC), as indicated by the ability of the specific NPC inhibitor phosphonoformic acid, to dose dependently inhibit phosphate-induced calcium deposition as well as osteocalcin and Cbfa-1 gene expression. With the use of polymerase chain reaction and Northern blot analyses, the NPC in HSMCs was identified as Pit-1 (Glvr-1), a member of the novel type III NPCs. These data suggest that elevated phosphate may directly stimulate HSMCs to undergo phenotypic changes that predispose to calcification and offer a novel explanation of the phenomenon of vascular calcification under hyperphosphatemic conditions. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.

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Fetuin-A-containing calciprotein particles in mineral trafficking and vascular disease

TL;DR: Mineral trafficking is a loose term used to describe the movements of calcium salts around the body, and new insights into these pathways may explain some of the problems of previous models of bone mineral disease in renal failure and point to potential future therapeutic strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI

High pretransplant parathyroid hormone levels increase the risk for graft failure after renal transplantation.

TL;DR: Serum PTH levels have an independent influence on the risk for graft failure censored for death and efforts to improve calcium-phosphate-PTH homeostasis in patients on the waiting list for renal transplantation should be encouraged also to improve graft survival.
Journal ArticleDOI

Activation of Nrf2 by dimethyl fumarate improves vascular calcification.

TL;DR: The data support that DMF stimulates Nrf2 activity to attenuate hyperphosphatamia in vitro or Vitamin D3-induced in vivo vascular calcification, which would be a beneficial effect on vascular diseases induced by oxidative stress such as vascular calcifying.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Osf2/Cbfa1: A Transcriptional Activator of Osteoblast Differentiation

TL;DR: Cloned cDNA encoding Osf2/Cbfa1 is identified as an osteoblast-specific transcription factor and as a regulator of osteoblasts differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI

Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing

TL;DR: A new gene, termed klotho, has been identified that is involved in the suppression of several ageing phenotypes in the mouse, and may function as part of a signalling pathway that regulates ageing in vivo and morbidity in age-related diseases.
Journal ArticleDOI

Coronary-Artery Calcification in Young Adults with End-Stage Renal Disease Who Are Undergoing Dialysis

TL;DR: Coronary-artery calcification is common and progressive in young adults with end-stage renal disease who are undergoing dialysis who are undergoing dialysis.

Mutation of the mouse klotho gene leads to a syndrome resembling ageing

TL;DR: A new gene, termed klotho, has been identified that is involved in the suppression of several ageing phenotypes in the mouse, including short lifespan, infertility, arteriosclerosis, skin atrophy, osteoporosis and emphysema as mentioned in this paper.
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