Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic Perspectives in Innate Immunity
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TLDR
In addition to its role in the early phase of defense, innate immunity in mammals appears to play a key role in stimulating the subsequent, clonal response of adaptive immunity.Abstract:
The concept of innate immunity refers to the first-line host defense that serves to limit infection in the early hours after exposure to microorganisms. Recent data have highlighted similarities between pathogen recognition, signaling pathways, and effector mechanisms of innate immunity in Drosophila and mammals, pointing to a common ancestry of these defenses. In addition to its role in the early phase of defense, innate immunity in mammals appears to play a key role in stimulating the subsequent, clonal response of adaptive immunity.read more
Citations
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Bacterial Peptidoglycan-Induced tnf-α Transcription Is Mediated Through the Transcription Factors Egr-1, Elk-1, and NF-κB
TL;DR: The results indicate that P GN induces activation of the transcription factors Egr-1 and Elk-1, and that PGN-induced expression of tnf-α is directly mediated through the transcription factor c-Jun, Egr, and NF-κB, and indirectly through thecription factor Elk- 1.
Journal ArticleDOI
How did our complex immune system evolve
Max D. Cooper,Brantley R. Herrin +1 more
TL;DR: The unique feature of an adaptive immune system is the somatic development of clonally diverse lymphocytes, each of which has a unique antigen recognition receptor that can be used to trigger its activation.
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Ranacyclins, a New Family of Short Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptides: Biological Function, Mode of Action, and Parameters Involved in Target Specificity†,⊥,@
M. Luisa Mangoni,Niv Papo,Giuseppina Mignogna,David Andreu,Yechiel Shai,Donatella Barra,Maurizio Simmaco +6 more
TL;DR: It is shown that ranacyclins and pLR have antimicrobial and antifungal activity, however, despite the high structural similarity, they differ in their spectrum of activity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Molecular cloning and mRNA expression of peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) gene in bay scallop (Argopecten irradians, Lamarck 1819).
TL;DR: A quantitative reverse transcriptase Real-Time PCR assay indicated that AiPGRP was a constitutive and inducible expressed protein that was mainly induced by PGN and could be involved in scallop immune response against Gram-positive bacteria infection.
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Functional analysis of the Drosophila immune response during aging
TL;DR: The findings show that aging reduces the capacity to survive a bacterial infection and no evidence that aging affects the ability to eliminate bacteria indicating that the mechanisms underlying immune senescence are not involved in eliminating bacteria or preventing their proliferation.
References
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Bacterial biofilms : A common cause of persistent infections
TL;DR: Improvements in understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial community behavior point to therapeutic targets that may provide a means for the control of biofilm infections.
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Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene
Alexander Poltorak,Xiaolong He,Irina Smirnova,Mu Ya Liu,Christophe Van Huffel,Xin Du,Dale Birdwell,E. Alejos,M. Silva,Chris Galanos,Marina Freudenberg,Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli,Betsy Layton,Bruce Beutler +13 more
TL;DR: The mammalian Tlr4 protein has been adapted primarily to subserve the recognition of LPS and presumably transduces the LPS signal across the plasma membrane.
Journal Article
Defective LPS signaling in C3 H/HeJ and C57 BL/10 ScCr mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene
Alexander Poltorak,Xiaolong He,Irina Smirnova,Mu Ya Liu,C. Van Huffel,Xin Du,Dale Birdwell,E. Alejos,M. Suva,Chris Galanos,Marina Freudenberg,Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli,B. Layton,Bruce Beutler +13 more
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CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein.
TL;DR: CD14, a differentiation antigen of monocytes, was found to bind complexes of LPS and LBP, and blockade of CD14 with monoclonal antibodies prevented synthesis of TNF-alpha by whole blood incubated with LPS.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults
TL;DR: It is shown that mutations in the Toll signaling pathway dramatically reduce survival after fungal infection and the intracellular components of the dorsoventral signaling pathway and the extracellular Toll ligand, spätzle, control expression of the antifungal peptide gene drosomycin in adults.