Journal ArticleDOI
Phylogenetic Perspectives in Innate Immunity
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TLDR
In addition to its role in the early phase of defense, innate immunity in mammals appears to play a key role in stimulating the subsequent, clonal response of adaptive immunity.Abstract:
The concept of innate immunity refers to the first-line host defense that serves to limit infection in the early hours after exposure to microorganisms. Recent data have highlighted similarities between pathogen recognition, signaling pathways, and effector mechanisms of innate immunity in Drosophila and mammals, pointing to a common ancestry of these defenses. In addition to its role in the early phase of defense, innate immunity in mammals appears to play a key role in stimulating the subsequent, clonal response of adaptive immunity.read more
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Lipopolysaccharide stimulates p38-dependent induction of antiviral genes in neutrophils independently of paracrine factors.
TL;DR: The data presented here indicate that lipopolysaccharide activates novel interferon-independent signaling pathways in neutrophils and that induction of antiviral genes is a consequence of exposure of neutrophil to bacterial products.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dysregulated cellular functions and cell stress pathways provide critical cues for activating and targeting natural killer cells to transformed and infected cells.
TL;DR: This review addresses a developing theme in NK cell biology: that NK‐activating ligands on cells, and the provision of cytokines and other signals that drive high effector function in NK cells, are driven by abnormalities that arise from transformation or the infected state.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of cell wall mutants in Aspergillus nidulans by screening for hypersensitivity to Calcofluor White.
Terry W. Hill,Darlene M. Loprete,Michelle Momany,Youngsil Ha,Lisa M. Harsch,Jennifer A. Livesay,Amit Mirchandani,Jeremy J. Murdock,Michael J. Vaughan,Mridula B. Watt +9 more
TL;DR: A collection of Aspergillus nidulans mutants is screened for strains exhibiting hypersensitivity toward the chitin binding agent Calcofluor White, and seven of the 10 mutants show swelling at elevated temperature, which in most cases is osmotically remediable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Inflammatory Marker Mania in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pentraxins at the Crossroad of Universal Soldiers of Inflammation
TL;DR: Inflammatory markers in CKD may be the missing link between the surrogates of malnutrition-wasting syndrome such as hypoalbuminemia and poor survival in patients with CKD, especially those who undergo maintenance dialysis treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antimicrobial Peptides as Potential Antiviral Factors in Insect Antiviral Immune Response.
TL;DR: This review aims to summarize the currently validated insect AVPs, explore potential new insect Avps and to discuss their possible mechanism of synthesis and action, with a view to providing clues to unravel the mechanisms of insect antiviral immunity and to develop insect A VP-derived antiviral drugs.
References
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Bacterial biofilms : A common cause of persistent infections
TL;DR: Improvements in understanding of the genetic and molecular basis of bacterial community behavior point to therapeutic targets that may provide a means for the control of biofilm infections.
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Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene
Alexander Poltorak,Xiaolong He,Irina Smirnova,Mu Ya Liu,Christophe Van Huffel,Xin Du,Dale Birdwell,E. Alejos,M. Silva,Chris Galanos,Marina Freudenberg,Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli,Betsy Layton,Bruce Beutler +13 more
TL;DR: The mammalian Tlr4 protein has been adapted primarily to subserve the recognition of LPS and presumably transduces the LPS signal across the plasma membrane.
Journal Article
Defective LPS signaling in C3 H/HeJ and C57 BL/10 ScCr mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene
Alexander Poltorak,Xiaolong He,Irina Smirnova,Mu Ya Liu,C. Van Huffel,Xin Du,Dale Birdwell,E. Alejos,M. Suva,Chris Galanos,Marina Freudenberg,Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli,B. Layton,Bruce Beutler +13 more
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CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein.
TL;DR: CD14, a differentiation antigen of monocytes, was found to bind complexes of LPS and LBP, and blockade of CD14 with monoclonal antibodies prevented synthesis of TNF-alpha by whole blood incubated with LPS.
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The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults
TL;DR: It is shown that mutations in the Toll signaling pathway dramatically reduce survival after fungal infection and the intracellular components of the dorsoventral signaling pathway and the extracellular Toll ligand, spätzle, control expression of the antifungal peptide gene drosomycin in adults.