Population Structure of Mycosphaerella graminicola: From Lesions to Continents.
TLDR
In this article, the genetic structure of field populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola was determined across a hierarchy of spatial scales using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers, and a low but significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance among populations was found (r = -0.47, P = 0.012), suggesting that these populations probably have not reached an equilibrium between gene flow and genetic drift.Abstract:
The genetic structure of field populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola was determined across a hierarchy of spatial scales using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers. The hierarchical gene diversity analysis included 1,098 isolates from seven field populations. Spatial scales ranged from millimeters to thousands of kilometers, including comparisons within and among lesions, within and among fields, and within and among regions and continents. At the smallest spatial scale, microtransect sampling was used to determine the spatial distribution of 15 genotypes found among 158 isolates sampled from five individual lesions. Each lesion had two to six different genotypes including both mating types in four of the five lesions, but in most cases a lesion was composed of one or two genotypes that occupied the majority of the lesion, with other rare genotypes interspersed among the common genotypes. The majority (77%) of gene diversity was distributed within plots ranging from approximately 1 to 9 m(2) in size. Genotype diversity (G / N) within fields for the Swiss, Texas, and Israeli fields was high, ranging from 79 to 100% of maximum possible values. Low population differentiation was indicated by the low G(ST) values among populations, suggesting a corresponding high degree of gene flow among these populations. At the largest spatial scale, populations from Switzerland, Israel, Oregon, and Texas were compared. Population differentiation among these populations was low (G(ST) = 0.05), and genetic identity between populations was high. A low but significant correlation between genetic and geographic distance among populations was found (r = -0.47, P = 0.012), suggesting that these populations probably have not reached an equilibrium between gene flow and genetic drift. Gene flow on a regional level can be reduced by implementing strategies, such as improved stubble management that minimize the production of ascospores. The possibility of high levels of gene flow on a regional level indicates a significant potential risk for the regional spread of mutant alleles that enable fungicide resistance or the breakdown of resistance genes.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology
Ralph A. Dean,Jan A. L. van Kan,Zacharias A. Pretorius,Kim E. Hammond-Kosack,Antonio Di Pietro,Pietro Spanu,Jason J. Rudd,Martin B. Dickman,Regine Kahmann,Jeff Ellis,Gary D. Foster +10 more
TL;DR: A short resumé of each fungus in the Top 10 list and its importance is presented, with the intent of initiating discussion and debate amongst the plant mycology community, as well as laying down a bench-mark.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance
TL;DR: A flexible framework to predict the evolutionary potential of pathogen populations based on analysis of their genetic structure is proposed and pathogens that pose the greatest risk of breaking down resistance genes have a mixed reproduction system, a high potential for genotype flow, large effective population sizes, and high mutation rates.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Top 10 fungal pathogens in molecular plant pathology: Top 10 fungal pathogens
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel R tools for analysis of genome-wide population genetic data with emphasis on clonality.
TL;DR: Several significant extensions to poppr are provided including the new function mlg.filter to define clone boundaries allowing for inspection and definition of what is a clonal lineage, minimum spanning networks with reticulation, a sliding-window analysis of the index of association, modular bootstrapping of any genetic distance, and analyses across any level of hierarchies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Finished Genome of the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola Reveals Dispensome Structure, Chromosome Plasticity, and Stealth Pathogenesis
Stephen B. Goodwin,Sarrah Ben M’Barek,Braham Dhillon,Alexander H. J. Wittenberg,Charles F. Crane,James K. Hane,Andrew J Foster,Theo van der Lee,Jane Grimwood,Andrea Aerts,John F. Antoniw,Andy M. Bailey,Burt H. Bluhm,Judith Bowler,James Bristow,Ate van der Burgt,Blondy Canto-Canché,Alice C. L. Churchill,Laura Conde-Ferráez,Hans J. Cools,Pedro M. Coutinho,Michael Csukai,Paramvir S. Dehal,Pierre J. G. M. de Wit,Bruno G. G. Donzelli,Henri van de Geest,Roeland C. H. J. van Ham,Kim E. Hammond-Kosack,Bernard Henrissat,Andrzej Kilian,Adilson Kenji Kobayashi,Edda Koopmann,Yiannis A. I. Kourmpetis,Arnold Kuzniar,Erika Lindquist,Vincent Lombard,Chris Maliepaard,Natália F. Martins,Rahim Mehrabi,Jan P. H. Nap,Alisa Ponomarenko,Jason J. Rudd,Asaf Salamov,Jeremy Schmutz,Henk J. Schouten,Harris Shapiro,Ioannis Stergiopoulos,Stefano F.F. Torriani,Hank Tu,Ronald P. de Vries,Cees Waalwijk,S.B. Ware,Ad Wiebenga,L.H. Zwiers,Richard P. Oliver,Igor V. Grigoriev,Gert H. J. Kema +56 more
TL;DR: The genome of M. graminicola was sequenced completely and found that it contained very few genes for enzymes that break down plant cell walls, which was more similar to endophytes than to pathogens, which may have evolved from endophytic ancestors.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetic distance between populations
TL;DR: If enough data are available, genetic distance between any pair of organisms can be measured in terms of D, and this measure is applicable to any kind of organism without regard to ploidy or mating scheme.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analysis of Gene Diversity in Subdivided Populations
TL;DR: A method is presented by which the gene diversity (heterozygosity) of a subdivided population can be analyzed into its components, i.e., the gene diversities within and between subpopulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations
TL;DR: Of particular interest are those species for which direct methods indicate little current gene flow but indirect methods indicate much higher levels of gene flow in the recent past, and whose species probably have undergone large-scale demographic changes relatively frequently.
Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation by distance in equilibrium and non-equilibrium populations.
TL;DR: Analytical theory shows that there is a simple relationship between M̂ and geographic distance in both equilibrium and non‐equilibrium populations and that this relationship is approximately independent of mutation rate when the mutation rate is small.
Related Papers (5)
The global genetic structure of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola is characterized by high nuclear diversity, low mitochondrial diversity, regular recombination, and gene flow
Pathogen population genetics, evolutionary potential, and durable resistance
Finished Genome of the Fungal Wheat Pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola Reveals Dispensome Structure, Chromosome Plasticity, and Stealth Pathogenesis
Stephen B. Goodwin,Sarrah Ben M’Barek,Braham Dhillon,Alexander H. J. Wittenberg,Charles F. Crane,James K. Hane,Andrew J Foster,Theo van der Lee,Jane Grimwood,Andrea Aerts,John F. Antoniw,Andy M. Bailey,Burt H. Bluhm,Judith Bowler,James Bristow,Ate van der Burgt,Blondy Canto-Canché,Alice C. L. Churchill,Laura Conde-Ferráez,Hans J. Cools,Pedro M. Coutinho,Michael Csukai,Paramvir S. Dehal,Pierre J. G. M. de Wit,Bruno G. G. Donzelli,Henri van de Geest,Roeland C. H. J. van Ham,Kim E. Hammond-Kosack,Bernard Henrissat,Andrzej Kilian,Adilson Kenji Kobayashi,Edda Koopmann,Yiannis A. I. Kourmpetis,Arnold Kuzniar,Erika Lindquist,Vincent Lombard,Chris Maliepaard,Natália F. Martins,Rahim Mehrabi,Jan P. H. Nap,Alisa Ponomarenko,Jason J. Rudd,Asaf Salamov,Jeremy Schmutz,Henk J. Schouten,Harris Shapiro,Ioannis Stergiopoulos,Stefano F.F. Torriani,Hank Tu,Ronald P. de Vries,Cees Waalwijk,S.B. Ware,Ad Wiebenga,L.H. Zwiers,Richard P. Oliver,Igor V. Grigoriev,Gert H. J. Kema +56 more