Review on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Activity and Toxicity Mechanism.
Amna Sirelkhatim,Shahrom Mahmud,Azman Seeni,Noor Haida Mohamad Kaus,Ling Chuo Ann,Siti Khadijah Mohd Bakhori,Habsah Hasan,Dasmawati Mohamad +7 more
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TLDR
This review covered ZnO-NPs antibacterial activity including testing methods, impact of UV illumination,ZnO particle properties (size, concentration, morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory concentration.Abstract:
Antibacterial activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) has received significant interest worldwide particularly by the implementation of nanotechnology to synthesize particles in the nanometer region. Many microorganisms exist in the range from hundreds of nanometers to tens of micrometers. ZnO-NPs exhibit attractive antibacterial properties due to increased specific surface area as the reduced particle size leading to enhanced particle surface reactivity. ZnO is a bio-safe material that possesses photo-oxidizing and photocatalysis impacts on chemical and biological species. This review covered ZnO-NPs antibacterial activity including testing methods, impact of UV illumination, ZnO particle properties (size, concentration, morphology, and defects), particle surface modification, and minimum inhibitory concentration. Particular emphasize was given to bactericidal and bacteriostatic mechanisms with focus on generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), OH− (hydroxyl radicals), and O2 −2 (peroxide). ROS has been a major factor for several mechanisms including cell wall damage due to ZnO-localized interaction, enhanced membrane permeability, internalization of NPs due to loss of proton motive force and uptake of toxic dissolved zinc ions. These have led to mitochondria weakness, intracellular outflow, and release in gene expression of oxidative stress which caused eventual cell growth inhibition and cell death. In some cases, enhanced antibacterial activity can be attributed to surface defects on ZnO abrasive surface texture. One functional application of the ZnO antibacterial bioactivity was discussed in food packaging industry where ZnO-NPs are used as an antibacterial agent toward foodborne diseases. Proper incorporation of ZnO-NPs into packaging materials can cause interaction with foodborne pathogens, thereby releasing NPs onto food surface where they come in contact with bad bacteria and cause the bacterial death and/or inhibition.read more
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References
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Is the effect of surface modifying molecules on antibacterial activity universal for a given material
Alexander Hsu,Fangzhou Liu,Yu Hang Leung,Angel P. Y. Ma,Aleksandra B. Djurišić,Frederick C. Leung,Wai Kin Chan,Hung Kay Lee +7 more
TL;DR: No general rule on the effect of a specific molecule on the toxicity of a metal oxide nanoparticle can be derived without knowing the nanoparticle properties, due to the fact that surface modifier attachment onto the surface is affected by the initial surface properties.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Silver-coated zinc oxide nanoantibacterial synthesis and antibacterial activity characterization
TL;DR: In this article, a precipitation method is investigated to prepare nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) as the precursor of silver coated antibacterial nanocomposite, and the results showed that the zinc oxide powder presented good dispersibility and uniform size a average diameter of 170 nm.
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The Characterization of Various ZnO Nanostructures Using Field-Emission SEM
TL;DR: In this paper, a unique synthesis method to produce ZnO materials with various morphologies has been studied and is presented in this paper, where field-emission scanning-electron microscopy has been utilized to characterize the morphologies of the materials.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Socio-ethical issues and nanotechnology development: Perspectives from India
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore socio-ethical issues associated with nanotechnology development in India and suggest how the public should be engaged in cooperation with government and industry and how to go about responsible nanotechnology governance in India.