Journal ArticleDOI
Spatial and seasonal trends in particle concentration and optical extinction in the United States
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TLDR
In the spring of 1988 an interagency consortium of Federal Land Managers and the Environmental Protection Agency initiated a national visibility and aerosol monitoring network to track spatial and temporal trends of visibility and visibility-reducing particles as discussed by the authors.Abstract:
In the spring of 1988 an interagency consortium of Federal Land Managers and the Environmental Protection Agency initiated a national visibility and aerosol monitoring network to track spatial and temporal trends of visibility and visibility-reducing particles. The monitoring network consists of 36 stations located mostly in the western United States. The major visibility-reducing aerosol species, sulfates, nitrates, organics, light-absorbing carbon, and wind-blown dust are monitored as well as light scattering and extinction. Sulfates and organics are responsible for most of the extinction at most locations throughout the United States, while at sites in southern California nitrates are dominant. In the eastern United States, sulfates contribute to about two thirds of the extinction. In almost all cases, extinction and the major aerosol types are highest in the summer and lowest during the winter months.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bounding the role of black carbon in the climate system: A scientific assessment
Tami C. Bond,Sarah J. Doherty,David W. Fahey,Piers M. Forster,Terje Koren Berntsen,Benjamin DeAngelo,Mark Flanner,Steven J. Ghan,Bernd Kärcher,Dorothy Koch,Stefan Kinne,Yutaka Kondo,Patricia K. Quinn,Marcus C. Sarofim,Martin G. Schultz,Michael Schulz,Chandra Venkataraman,Hua Zhang,Shiqiu Zhang,Nicolas Bellouin,Sarath K. Guttikunda,Philip K. Hopke,Mark Z. Jacobson,Johannes W. Kaiser,Zbigniew Klimont,Ulrike Lohmann,Joshua P. Schwarz,Drew Shindell,Trude Storelvmo,Stephen G. Warren,Charles S. Zender +30 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided an assessment of black-carbon climate forcing that is comprehensive in its inclusion of all known and relevant processes and that is quantitative in providing best estimates and uncertainties of the main forcing terms: direct solar absorption; influence on liquid, mixed phase, and ice clouds; and deposition on snow and ice.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light Absorption by Carbonaceous Particles: An Investigative Review
Tami C. Bond,Robert Bergström +1 more
TL;DR: The optical properties of light-absorbing, carbonaceous substance often called "soot", "black carbon", or "carbon black" have been the subject of some debate as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Air pollution in mega cities in China
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the current state of understanding of the air pollution problems in China's mega cities and identify the immediate challenges to understanding and controlling air pollution in these densely populated areas.
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Black carbon or brown carbon? The nature of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show that brown carbon may severely bias measurements of atmospheric "black carbon" and "elemental carbon" over vast parts of the troposphere, especially those strongly polluted by biomass burning, where the mass concentration of C brown is high relative to that of soot carbon.
Journal ArticleDOI
Chemical characterization and source apportionment of PM 2.5 in Beijing: seasonal perspective
Renjian Zhang,J. Jing,Jun Tao,Shih-Chieh Hsu,Gehui Wang,J. J. Cao,Celine S. L. Lee,L. Zhu,Zhongjian Chen,Yue Zhao,Z-Q. Shen +10 more
TL;DR: Wang et al. as mentioned in this paper used chemical mass balance, positive matrix factorization (PMF), trajectory clustering, and potential source contribution function (PSCF) for characterizing aerosol speciation, identifying likely sources, and apportioning contributions from each likely source.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Light Scattering by Small Particles
H. C. Van de Hulst,V. Twersky +1 more
TL;DR: Light scattering by small particles as mentioned in this paper, Light scattering by Small Particle Scattering (LPS), Light scattering with small particles (LSC), Light Scattering by Small Parts (LSP),
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Light Scattering by Small Particles
TL;DR: Light scattering by small particles as mentioned in this paper, Light scattering by Small Particle Scattering (LPS), Light scattering with small particles (LSC), Light Scattering by Small Parts (LSP),
Journal ArticleDOI
The dri thermal/optical reflectance carbon analysis system: description, evaluation and applications in U.S. Air quality studies
Judith C. Chow,John G. Watson,Lyle C. Pritchett,William R. Pierson,Clifton A. Frazier,Rick Purcell +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a variation of the thermal/optical reflectance method has been applied to over 27,000 samples taken in more than a dozen urban and regional air quality studies in the U.S.
Book ChapterDOI
The Properties of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles as Functions of the Relative Humidity at Thermodynamic Equilibrium with the Surrounding Moist Air
TL;DR: In this article, the problems in aerosol measuring techniques and selection of sampling and measuring methods are addressed, and theoretic evaluation of mass, size, mean density, and mean refractive index as functions of the relative humidity is discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Relative humidity and temperature dependence of the ammonium nitrate dissociation constant
TL;DR: In this article, the NH4NO3 dissociation constant was predicted from fundamental thermodynamic principles and the general trends predicted by the theory agree with the atmospheric data of Appel et al. (1979, 1980), Pitts (1978, 1979) and Tuazon et al (1980).
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