Spillover effect offsets the conservation effort in the Amazon
TLDR
In this article, the authors used the telecoupling framework to evaluate the spillover effects of two supply chain agreements implemented in the Amazon biome as examples and evaluated their spillover effect to the Cerrado.Abstract:
Diverse conservation efforts have been expanding around the globe, even under the stress of increasing agricultural production. A striking example is the supply-chain agreements put upon the Amazon forest which had reduced deforestation by 80% from the early 2000s (27,772 km2) to 2015 (6207 km2). However, evaluation of these conservation efforts usually focused on the impacts within the Amazon biome only, while the effects that spill over to other areas (e.g., displacement of environmental pressure from one area to another) were rarely considered. Ignoring spillover effects may lead to biased or even wrong conclusions about the effectiveness of these conservation efforts because the hidden cost outside the target area of conservation may offset the achievement within it. It is thus important to assess the spillover effects of these supply-chain agreements. In this study, we used the two supply-chain agreements (i.e., Soy Moratorium and zero-deforestation beef agreement) implemented in the Amazon biome as examples and evaluated their spillover effects to the Cerrado. To achieve a holistic evaluation of the spillover effects, we adopted the telecoupling framework in our analysis. The application of the telecoupling framework includes the interactions between distant systems and extends the analytical boundaries beyond the signatory areas, which fill the gap of previous studies. Our results indicate that the supply-chain agreements have significantly reduced deforestation by half compared to projections within the sending system (i.e., Para State in the Amazon, which exports soybeans and other agricultural products), but at the cost of increasing deforestation in the spillover system (i.e., a 6.6 time increase in Tocantins State of the Cerrado, where deforestation was affected by interactions between the Amazon and other places). Our study emphasizes that spillover effects should be considered in the evaluation and planning of conservation efforts, for which the telecoupling framework works as a useful tool to do that systematically.read more
Citations
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Importing food damages domestic environment: Evidence from global soybean trade.
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TL;DR: The study shows that international food trade can also lead to environmental pollution in importing countries, which has significant implications for fundamental rethinking in global policy-making and debates on environmental responsibilities among consumers, producers, and traders across the world.
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Spillover systems in a telecoupled Anthropocene: typology, methods, and governance for global sustainability
Jianguo Liu,Yue Dou,Mateus Batistella,Mateus Batistella,Edward Challies,Edward Challies,Thomas Connor,Cecilie Friis,James D.A. Millington,Esther S. Parish,Chelsie L. Romulo,Ramon Felipe Bicudo da Silva,Heather A. Triezenberg,Hongbo Yang,Zhiqiang Zhao,Karl S. Zimmerer,Falk Huettmann,Michael L. Treglia,Zeenatul Basher,Min Gon Chung,Anna Herzberger,Andrea Lenschow,Altaaf Mechiche-Alami,Jens Newig,J. F. Roche,Jing Sun +25 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a typology of spillover systems based on six criteria: flows from and to sending and receiving systems, distances from sender and receiver, types of spill over effects, sizes of spill-over systems, roles of agents in spillover system, and the origin of spillovers are presented.
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TL;DR: The need to understand impacts of agriculture on food–energy–water–CO2 nexus in other parts of the world to achieve global sustainability is suggested.
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Statistical matching for conservation science
Judith Schleicher,Johanna Eklund,Megan Barnes,Jonas Geldmann,Johan A. Oldekop,Julia P. G. Jones +5 more
TL;DR: Future conservation impact evaluations could be improved by increased planning of evaluations alongside the intervention, better integration of qualitative methods, considering spillover effects at larger spatial scales, and more publication of preanalysis plans.
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Brazil’s Amazon Soy Moratorium reduced deforestation
TL;DR: In this article, an econometric analysis of remotely sensed data reveals the efficacy of the soy moratorium in the Brazilian Arc of Deforestation and the extent to which its success relies on complementary policies.
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