Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report
Anthony J. Bron,Anthony J. Bron,Cintia S. de Paiva,Sunil K. Chauhan,Stefano Bonini,Eric E. Gabison,Sandeep Jain,Erich Knop,Maria Markoulli,Yoko Ogawa,Victor L. Perez,Yuichi Uchino,Norihiko Yokoi,Driss Zoukhri,David A. Sullivan +14 more
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TLDR
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease, finding the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation to be important.Abstract:
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjogren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.read more
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Evaluation of Corneal Alterations After Short-Term Silicone Hydrogel Contact Lens Use by Confocal Microscopy
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Effect of Hypochlorous Acid on Blepharitis through Ultrasonic Atomization: A Randomized Clinical Trial
TL;DR: In this paper , the efficacy and safety of eyelid hygiene using topical 0.01% hypochlorous acid (HOCL) through ultrasonic atomization after 2 weeks in patients with blepharitis was evaluated.
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Moxibustion with Walnut Shell Spectacles Could Improve the Objective Symptoms and Tear Film Stability of Patients with Dry Eye Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Guoliang Zhang,Weiwei Fu,Jing Xu,Yi Zhang,Zijin Sang,Wenting Wu,Kunkun Zheng,Liexia Wu,Zhishun Liu +8 more
TL;DR: In this article , the authors evaluated the efficacy and acceptability of moxibustion with walnut shell spectacles in treating dry eye disease (DED) patients and to provide treatment options.
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Elevated Neuropeptides in Dry Eye Disease and Their Clinical Correlations
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Comparison of Subjective Responses to Cyclosporine 0.05% Versus Lifitegrast 5.0% in Individuals With Dry Eye Disease.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined subjective responses to cyclosporine A (CsA) 0.05% versus lifitegrast 5% in individuals with dry eye disease.
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