Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report
Anthony J. Bron,Anthony J. Bron,Cintia S. de Paiva,Sunil K. Chauhan,Stefano Bonini,Eric E. Gabison,Sandeep Jain,Erich Knop,Maria Markoulli,Yoko Ogawa,Victor L. Perez,Yuichi Uchino,Norihiko Yokoi,Driss Zoukhri,David A. Sullivan +14 more
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TLDR
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease, finding the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation to be important.Abstract:
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjogren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.read more
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Presbyopia: An outstanding and global opportunity for early detection of pre-frailty and frailty states
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cell–Based Therapy for Dry Eye: Current Status and Future Perspectives
TL;DR: In this article , Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have anti-inflammatory, tissue repair, and immune regulatory effects, and have become a promising tool for the treatment of dry eye.
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Autoimmune Dry Eye without Significant Ocular Surface Co-Morbidities and Mental Health
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Protein Microarrays: Valuable Tools for Ocular Diseases Research.
María Garranzo-Asensio,Ana Montero-Calle,Guillermo Solís-Fernández,Rodrigo Barderas,Ana Guzman-Aranguez +4 more
TL;DR: A brief summary of the main types of protein microarrays and their application for the identification of protein changes in chronic ocular diseases such as dry eye, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration or diabetic retinopathy is presented.
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Elodie Da Cunha,Xavier Mariette,F. Desmoulins,E. Berge,Gaetane Nocturne,Anouar Benmalek,Oscar Haigh,Raphaèle Seror,Marc Labetoulle,Antoine Rousseau +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors assess associations between ophthalmological features and the main systemic biomarkers of primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS), and identify systemic biomarker associated with severe KCS in pSS patients.
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