Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report
Anthony J. Bron,Anthony J. Bron,Cintia S. de Paiva,Sunil K. Chauhan,Stefano Bonini,Eric E. Gabison,Sandeep Jain,Erich Knop,Maria Markoulli,Yoko Ogawa,Victor L. Perez,Yuichi Uchino,Norihiko Yokoi,Driss Zoukhri,David A. Sullivan +14 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease, finding the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation to be important.Abstract:
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjogren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnostik des Trockenen Auges
TL;DR: The Diagnostik des Trockenen Auges umfasst ein breites Feld an unterschiedlichen Untersuchungsmodalitaten, wie beispielsweise die Beurteilung des Tranenfilms, der Augenoberflache and the Augenlider as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases
Thomas Clahsen,Karina Hadrian,Maria Notara,Simona L. Schlereth,Antonia Howaldt,Verena Prokosch,Thomas L. A. Volatier,Deniz Hos,Falk Schroedl,Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger,Ludwig M. Heindl,Philipp Steven,Jacobus J. Bosch,Alexander Steinkasserer,Alexander C. Rokohl,Hanhan Liu,Mert Mestanoglu,Hamid Kashkar,Björn Schumacher,Friedemann Kiefer,Stefan Schulte-Merker,Mario Matthaei,Yanhong Hou,S. Fassbender,Jonathan Jantsch,Wei Zhang,Philip Enders,Björn J. Bachmann,Felix Bock,Claus Cursiefen +29 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the role of ocular lymphatics, the respective molecular mechanisms, and the current and future therapeutic options based on their involvement in various ocular pathologies is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of In Vitro Dry Eye Models to Study Proliferative and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Allogeneic Serum Eye Drops
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors developed valid in vitro models for preclinical evaluation of proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects of human allogeneic serum eye drops for dry eye disease (DED) treatment.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of gallic acid on experimental dry eye: in vitro and in vivo studies
TL;DR: In this paper , the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of gallic acid (GA) on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) and RAW264.7 macrophages as well as its therapeutic effects in an experimental dry eye (EDE) mouse model were investigated.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transitions in Development and Disease
Jean Paul Thiery,Jean Paul Thiery,Hervé Acloque,Ruby Yun-Ju Huang,Ruby Yun-Ju Huang,M. Angela Nieto +5 more
TL;DR: The mesenchymal state is associated with the capacity of cells to migrate to distant organs and maintain stemness, allowing their subsequent differentiation into multiple cell types during development and the initiation of metastasis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Generates Cells with Properties of Stem Cells
Sendurai A. Mani,Wenjun Guo,Mai Jing Liao,Elinor Ng Eaton,Ayyakkannu Ayyanan,Alicia Y. Zhou,Mary W. Brooks,Ferenc Reinhard,Cheng Cheng Zhang,Michail Shipitsin,Lauren L. Campbell,Kornelia Polyak,Cathrin Brisken,Jing Yang,Robert A. Weinberg +14 more
TL;DR: It is reported that the induction of an EMT in immortalized human mammary epithelial cells (HMLEs) results in the acquisition of mesenchymal traits and in the expression of stem-cell markers, and it is shown that those cells have an increased ability to form mammospheres, a property associated with mammARY epithelial stem cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reciprocal developmental pathways for the generation of pathogenic effector TH17 and regulatory T cells.
Estelle Bettelli,Yijun Carrier,Wenda Gao,Thomas Korn,Terry B. Strom,Mohamed Oukka,Howard L. Weiner,Vijay K. Kuchroo +7 more
TL;DR: It is shown that IL-6, an acute phase protein induced during inflammation, completely inhibits the generation of Foxp3+ Treg cells induced by TGF-β, and the data demonstrate a dichotomy in thegeneration of pathogenic (TH17) T cells that induce autoimmunity and regulatory (Foxp3+) T Cells that inhibit autoimmune tissue injury.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adhesion receptors of the immune system.
TL;DR: Three families of cell-surface molecules regulate the migration of lymphocytes and the interactions of activated cells during immune responses.