Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report
Anthony J. Bron,Anthony J. Bron,Cintia S. de Paiva,Sunil K. Chauhan,Stefano Bonini,Eric E. Gabison,Sandeep Jain,Erich Knop,Maria Markoulli,Yoko Ogawa,Victor L. Perez,Yuichi Uchino,Norihiko Yokoi,Driss Zoukhri,David A. Sullivan +14 more
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TLDR
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease, finding the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation to be important.Abstract:
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjogren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.read more
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Evaluating the diagnostic ability of two automated non-invasive tear film stability measurement techniques.
TL;DR: Despite significant positive correlation, breakup time measurements obtained from the Keratograph and Medmont were not directly interchangeable, although the two automated, non-invasive methods for assessing tear film stability exhibited comparable overall performance in diagnosing dry eye disease.
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Evaluation of Dry Eye After Refractive Surgery According to Preoperative Meibomian Gland Status
TL;DR: The dry eye discomfortable symptoms significantly differed post operatively according to their preoperative MG loss grade, though no difference was found at baseline.
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Changes in Corneal Subbasal Nerves after Punctal Occlusion in Dry Eye Disease.
Golshan Latifi,Ali Banafshe Afshan,Amir Houshang Beheshtnejad,Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati,Neda Mohammadi,Reza Ghaffari,Hamed Ghassemi,Saeed Mohammadi,Ahmad Kheirkhah +8 more
TL;DR: Corneal subbasal nerve density and total number increased following punctal occlusion in patients with moderate to severe dry eye disease (DED) and were associated with improvements in corneal sensation, and signs and symptoms of DED.
Journal ArticleDOI
High Molecular Weight Hyaluronan Promotes Corneal Nerve Growth in Severe Dry Eyes.
Gysbert-Botho van Setten,Oliver Stachs,Bénédicte Dupas,Semra Akkaya Turhan,Berthold Seitz,Herbert A. Reitsamer,Karsten Winter,Jutta Horwath-Winter,Rudolf F. Guthoff,Wolfgang G.K. Müller-Lierheim +9 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that in severe DED patients, HMWHA from topically applied eye drops could cross the epithelial barrier and reach the subbasal nerve plexus, where it exercised a trophic effect.
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Systemic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors for dry eye disease in a mediterranean caucasian population
TL;DR: In this paper , a multivariate logistic regression model was constructed including those variables with a p-value less than 0.15 in the univariate analysis, including female sex, sleep hours per day, menopause, anxiety, systemic rheumatologic disease, use of anxiolytics, daily medication, ocular surgery, poor diet quality, more ultra processed food in diet, not drinking caffeine and hours of exposure to air conditioning per day.
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