Journal ArticleDOI
TFOS DEWS II pathophysiology report
Anthony J. Bron,Anthony J. Bron,Cintia S. de Paiva,Sunil K. Chauhan,Stefano Bonini,Eric E. Gabison,Sandeep Jain,Erich Knop,Maria Markoulli,Yoko Ogawa,Victor L. Perez,Yuichi Uchino,Norihiko Yokoi,Driss Zoukhri,David A. Sullivan +14 more
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TLDR
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease, finding the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation to be important.Abstract:
The TFOS DEWS II Pathophysiology Subcommittee reviewed the mechanisms involved in the initiation and perpetuation of dry eye disease. Its central mechanism is evaporative water loss leading to hyperosmolar tissue damage. Research in human disease and in animal models has shown that this, either directly or by inducing inflammation, causes a loss of both epithelial and goblet cells. The consequent decrease in surface wettability leads to early tear film breakup and amplifies hyperosmolarity via a Vicious Circle. Pain in dry eye is caused by tear hyperosmolarity, loss of lubrication, inflammatory mediators and neurosensory factors, while visual symptoms arise from tear and ocular surface irregularity. Increased friction targets damage to the lids and ocular surface, resulting in characteristic punctate epithelial keratitis, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, filamentary keratitis, lid parallel conjunctival folds, and lid wiper epitheliopathy. Hybrid dry eye disease, with features of both aqueous deficiency and increased evaporation, is common and efforts should be made to determine the relative contribution of each form to the total picture. To this end, practical methods are needed to measure tear evaporation in the clinic, and similarly, methods are needed to measure osmolarity at the tissue level across the ocular surface, to better determine the severity of dry eye. Areas for future research include the role of genetic mechanisms in non-Sjogren syndrome dry eye, the targeting of the terminal duct in meibomian gland disease and the influence of gaze dynamics and the closed eye state on tear stability and ocular surface inflammation.read more
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Lid wiper epitheliopathy in patients with blepharospasm and/or hemifacial spasm.
TL;DR: In this article , the presence of wiper epitheliopathy in patients with blepharospasm and/or hemifacial spasm before and 4 weeks after routine treatment with botulinum toxin was evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anterior segment inflammation and its association with dry eye parameters following myopic SMILE and FS-LASIK
Jian Zhao,Yuan Li,Tianyun Yu,Wenhao Wang,Mutsvene Tinashe Emmanuel,Qianwen Gong,Lianggang Hu +6 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors evaluated dry eye and anterior segment inflammation after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK), and investigated their association.
Journal ArticleDOI
Eyes on Topical Ocular Disposition: The Considered Design of a Lead Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitor That Utilizes a Unique Azetidin-3-Amino Bridging Scaffold to Attenuate Off-Target Kinase Activity, While Driving Potency and Aqueous Solubility.
Heeren Manoj Gordhan,Steven T. Miller,Daphne C. Clancy,Maria Berkat Ina,Alan V. McDougal,Cynthia L. Lichorowic,Jill Marie Sturdivant,Kyle A. Vick,Stuart S Williams,Mitchell Anthony Delong,Jeffrey C White,Casey Kopczynski,David Ellis +12 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a small-molecule drug discovery effort was described to identify novel, potent, and water-soluble JAK inhibitors as immunomodulating agents for topical ocular disposition.
Posted ContentDOI
Prevalence of dry eye disease among IT students in Pakistan
TL;DR: In this article , a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 327 undergraduate students of the IT department in the district of Dera Ghazi khan over five months from September 2021 to January 2022.
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Case report: Utilization of a scleral lens to mitigate exposure keratopathy and associated mental health decline
TL;DR: In this paper , a 72-year-old male with a past ocular history significant for extensive basal cell carcinoma excision of the right upper and lower eyelids presented for evaluation of exposure keratitis and consideration of a scleral lens (SL) for the right eye.
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