The carbon budget of terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia over the last two decades
S. L. Piao,S. L. Piao,Akihiko Ito,Shenggong Li,Ye Huang,Philippe Ciais,Xuhui Wang,S. Peng,Huijuan Nan,Chuang Zhao,Anders Ahlström,Robert J. Andres,Frédéric Chevallier,Jingyun Fang,Jingyun Fang,Jens Hartmann,Chris Huntingford,Su-Jong Jeong,Samuel Levis,Peter Levy,J. S. Li,Mark R. Lomas,Jiafu Mao,Emilio Mayorga,Anwar Mohammat,Hiroyuki Muraoka,Changhui Peng,Changhui Peng,Philippe Peylin,Benjamin Poulter,Zehao Shen,Xiaoying Shi,Stephen Sitch,Shu Tao,Hanqin Tian,X. P. Wu,Ming Xu,Guirui Yu,Nicolas Viovy,Sönke Zaehle,Ning Zeng,Biao Zhu +41 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors provided a synthesis of the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia, a region comprised of China, Japan, North and South Korea, and Mongolia, using three different approaches: inventories combined with satellite greenness measurements, terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle models and atmospheric inversion models.Abstract:
This REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes regional study provides a synthesis of the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in East Asia, a region comprised of China, Japan, North and South Korea, and Mongolia. We estimate the current terrestrial carbon balance of East Asia and its driving mechanisms during 1990-2009 using three different approaches: inventories combined with satellite greenness measurements, terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle models and atmospheric inversion models. The magnitudes of East Asia's terrestrial carbon sink from these three approaches are comparable: -0.293 +/- 0.033 PgC yr(-1) from inventory-remote sensing model-data fusion approach, -0.413 +/- 0.141 PgC yr(-1)(not considering biofuel emissions) or -0.224 +/- 0.141 PgC yr(-1) (considering biofuel emissions) for carbon cycle models, and -0.270 +/- 0.507 PgC yr(-1) for atmospheric inverse models. Here and in the following, the numbers behind +/- signs are standard deviations. The ensemble of ecosystem modeling based analyses further suggests that at the regional scale, climate change and rising atmospheric CO2 together resulted in a carbon sink of -0.289 +/- 0.135 PgC yr(-1), while land-use change and nitrogen deposition had a contribution of -0.013 +/- 0.029 PgC yr(-1) and -0.107 +/- 0.025 PgC yr(-1), respectively. Although the magnitude of climate change effects on the carbon balance varies among different models, all models agree that in response to climate change alone, southern China experienced an increase in carbon storage from 1990 to 2009, while northern East Asia including Mongolia and north China showed a decrease in carbon storage. Overall, our results suggest that about 13-27% of East Asia's CO2 emissions from fossil fuel burning have been offset by carbon accumulation in its terrestrial territory over the period from 1990 to 2009. The underlying mechanisms of carbon sink over East Asia still remain largely uncertain, given the diversity and intensity of land management processes, and the regional conjunction of many drivers such as nutrient deposition, climate, atmospheric pollution and CO2 changes, which cannot be considered as independent for their effects on carbon storage.read more
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Book ChapterDOI
Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles
Philippe Ciais,Christopher L. Sabine,Govindasamy Bala,Laurent Bopp,Victor Brovkin,Josep G. Canadell,Abha Chhabra,Ruth DeFries,James N. Galloway,Martin Heimann,Chris D. Jones,C. Le Quéré,Ranga B. Myneni,S. L. Piao,Peter E. Thornton +14 more
TL;DR: For base year 2010, anthropogenic activities created ~210 (190 to 230) TgN of reactive nitrogen Nr from N2 as discussed by the authors, which is at least 2 times larger than the rate of natural terrestrial creation of ~58 Tg N (50 to 100 Tg nr yr−1) (Table 6.9, Section 1a).
Journal ArticleDOI
Large Chinese land carbon sink estimated from atmospheric carbon dioxide data.
Jing Wang,Liang Feng,Paul I. Palmer,Yi Liu,Shuangxi Fang,Hartmut Bösch,Christopher W. O'Dell,Xiaoping Tang,Dongxu Yang,Liu Lixin,ChaoZong Xia +10 more
TL;DR: Space-borne observations of vegetation greenness show a large increase with time over this study period, supporting the timing and increase in the land carbon sink over these afforestation regions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in Forest Production, Biomass and Carbon: Results From the 2015 UN FAO Global Forest Resource Assessment
Michael Köhl,Rodel D. Lasco,Miguel Cifuentes,Oerjan Jonsson,Kari T. Korhonen,Philip Mundhenk,José Návar,G. Stinson +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors build on data from FAO's 2015 Global Forest Resource Assessment (FRA) and present information on growing stock, biomass, carbon stock, wood removals, and changes of forest area primarily designated for production and multiple use of the world's forests.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anthropogenic shift towards higher risk of flash drought over China.
TL;DR: The results suggest that the traditional drought-prone regions would expand given the human-induced intensification of flash drought risk, and the exposure risk over China will increase by about 23% during the middle of this century under a socioeconomic scenario with medium challenge.
References
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A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World’s Forests
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Supporting Online Material for A Large and Persistent Carbon Sink in the World's Forests
Yude Pan,Richard A. Birdsey,Jingyun Fang,Richard A. Houghton,Pekka E. Kauppi,Werner A. Kurz,Oliver L. Phillips,Anatoly Shvidenko,Simon L. Lewis,Philippe Ciais,Robert B. Jackson,Stephen W. Pacala,A. David McGuire,Shilong Piao,Aapo Rautiainen,Stephen Sitch,Daniel J. Hayes +16 more
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TL;DR: The LPJ model as mentioned in this paper combines process-based, large-scale representations of terrestrial vegetation dynamics and land-atmosphere carbon and water exchanges in a modular framework, including feedback through canopy conductance between photosynthesis and transpiration and interactive coupling between these 'fast' processes and other ecosystem processes.
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