Journal ArticleDOI
The immune system and kidney disease: basic concepts and clinical implications
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TLDR
The kidneys are frequently targeted by pathogenic immune responses against renal autoantigens or by local manifestations of systemic autoimmunity, causing intestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation and immunodeficiency that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease.Abstract:
The kidneys are frequently targeted by pathogenic immune responses against renal autoantigens or by local manifestations of systemic autoimmunity. Recent studies in rodent models and humans have uncovered several underlying mechanisms that can be used to explain the previously enigmatic immunopathology of many kidney diseases. These mechanisms include kidney-specific damage-associated molecular patterns that cause sterile inflammation, the crosstalk between renal dendritic cells and T cells, the development of kidney-targeting autoantibodies and molecular mimicry with microbial pathogens. Conversely, kidney failure affects general immunity, causing intestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation and immunodeficiency that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease. In this Review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the interactions between the kidneys and the immune system.read more
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Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis.
Payam Nahid,Susan E. Dorman,Narges Alipanah,Pennan M. Barry,Jan Brozek,Adithya Cattamanchi,Lelia H. Chaisson,Richard E. Chaisson,Charles L. Daley,M. Grzemska,Julie Higashi,Christine S Ho,Philip C. Hopewell,Salmaan Keshavjee,Christian Lienhardt,Richard Menzies,Cynthia Merrifield,Masahiro Narita,Rick O'Brien,Charles A. Peloquin,Ann Raftery,Jussi J. Saukkonen,H. Simon Schaaf,Giovanni Sotgiu,Jeffrey R. Starke,Giovanni Battista Migliori,Andrew Vernon +26 more
TL;DR: This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis.
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Inflammation in AKI: Current Understanding, Key Questions, and Knowledge Gaps
Hamid Rabb,Matthew D. Griffin,Dianne B. McKay,Sundararaman Swaminathan,Peter Pickkers,Mitchell H. Rosner,John A. Kellum,Claudio Ronco +7 more
TL;DR: The most important recent developments in understanding the inflammatory mechanisms of AKI are summarized, key limitations of the commonly used animal models and clinical trial designs that may prevent successful clinical application are highlighted, and priority approaches for research toward clinical translation are suggested.
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Complement in disease: a defence system turning offensive
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Immune cells in experimental acute kidney injury
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TL;DR: Experimental studies of immune cells in AKI have resulted in improved understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying AKI and will be the foundation for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Organ and tissue fibrosis: Molecular signals, cellular mechanisms and translational implications
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Renal Dendritic Cells Stimulate IL-10 Production and Attenuate Nephrotoxic Nephritis
Juliane Scholz,Veronika Lukacs-Kornek,Daniel R. Engel,Sabine Specht,Eva Kiss,Frank Eitner,Jürgen Floege,Herrmann Josef Groene,Christian Kurts +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that renal DCs exert a renoprotective effect in nephrotoxic nephritis, possibly by expressing ICOS-L and/or by inducing IL-10 in infiltrating CD4(+) Th1 cells.
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Pathogenesis of the C3 glomerulopathies and reclassification of MPGN
TL;DR: This Review re-examine the previous and current classification schemes of MPGN, focusing on the role of complement, and surveys current data about the pathogenesis of the C3 glomerulopathies, including familial studies and patient cohorts from the USA and Europe.
Journal ArticleDOI
Toll-Like Receptors and Danger Signaling in Kidney Injury
TL;DR: Toll-like receptor research provides a surprising answer because receptor activation is unable to eliminate the underlying drivers of these nonpathogen diseases, it becomes instead a maladaptive pathogenic mechanism that aggravates renal damage.
Journal ArticleDOI
PLA2R Autoantibodies and Recurrent Membranous Nephropathy after Transplantation
TL;DR: Findings regarding a 56-year-old female patient with biopsy-proven membranous nephropathy, a leading cause of the nephrotic syndrome in adults, are reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
High Prevalence of Autoantibodies to hLAMP-2 in Anti–Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Renate Kain,Henko Tadema,Eoin F. McKinney,Alexandra Benharkou,Ricarda Brandes,Andrea Peschel,Virginie Hubert,Tjerk Feenstra,Gürkan Sengölge,Coen A. Stegeman,Peter Heeringa,Paul A. Lyons,Kenneth G. C. Smith,Cees G. M. Kallenberg,Andrew J. Rees +14 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the involvement of autoantibodies to human lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 (hLAMP-2) in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis is controversial because of the absence of confirmatory data subsequent to the initial reports of their high prevalence in this disease.