Journal ArticleDOI
The immune system and kidney disease: basic concepts and clinical implications
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TLDR
The kidneys are frequently targeted by pathogenic immune responses against renal autoantigens or by local manifestations of systemic autoimmunity, causing intestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation and immunodeficiency that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease.Abstract:
The kidneys are frequently targeted by pathogenic immune responses against renal autoantigens or by local manifestations of systemic autoimmunity. Recent studies in rodent models and humans have uncovered several underlying mechanisms that can be used to explain the previously enigmatic immunopathology of many kidney diseases. These mechanisms include kidney-specific damage-associated molecular patterns that cause sterile inflammation, the crosstalk between renal dendritic cells and T cells, the development of kidney-targeting autoantibodies and molecular mimicry with microbial pathogens. Conversely, kidney failure affects general immunity, causing intestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation and immunodeficiency that contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with kidney disease. In this Review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the interactions between the kidneys and the immune system.read more
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Official American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines: Treatment of Drug-Susceptible Tuberculosis.
Payam Nahid,Susan E. Dorman,Narges Alipanah,Pennan M. Barry,Jan Brozek,Adithya Cattamanchi,Lelia H. Chaisson,Richard E. Chaisson,Charles L. Daley,M. Grzemska,Julie Higashi,Christine S Ho,Philip C. Hopewell,Salmaan Keshavjee,Christian Lienhardt,Richard Menzies,Cynthia Merrifield,Masahiro Narita,Rick O'Brien,Charles A. Peloquin,Ann Raftery,Jussi J. Saukkonen,H. Simon Schaaf,Giovanni Sotgiu,Jeffrey R. Starke,Giovanni Battista Migliori,Andrew Vernon +26 more
TL;DR: This guideline provides recommendations on the clinical and public health management of tuberculosis in children and adults in settings in which mycobacterial cultures, molecular and phenotypic drug susceptibility tests, and radiographic studies, among other diagnostic tools, are available on a routine basis.
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Inflammation in AKI: Current Understanding, Key Questions, and Knowledge Gaps
Hamid Rabb,Matthew D. Griffin,Dianne B. McKay,Sundararaman Swaminathan,Peter Pickkers,Mitchell H. Rosner,John A. Kellum,Claudio Ronco +7 more
TL;DR: The most important recent developments in understanding the inflammatory mechanisms of AKI are summarized, key limitations of the commonly used animal models and clinical trial designs that may prevent successful clinical application are highlighted, and priority approaches for research toward clinical translation are suggested.
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Complement in disease: a defence system turning offensive
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Immune cells in experimental acute kidney injury
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TL;DR: Experimental studies of immune cells in AKI have resulted in improved understanding of the immune mechanisms underlying AKI and will be the foundation for development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Organ and tissue fibrosis: Molecular signals, cellular mechanisms and translational implications
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
IL-12p40 and IL-18 in Crescentic Glomerulonephritis: IL-12p40 is the Key Th1-Defining Cytokine Chain, Whereas IL-18 Promotes Local Inflammation and Leukocyte Recruitment
A. Richard Kitching,Amanda L. Turner,Gabrielle R. Wilson,Timothy Semple,Dragana Odobasic,Jennifer R. Timoshanko,Kim M. O’Sullivan,Peter G. Tipping,Kiyoshi Takeda,Shizuo Akira,Stephen R. Holdsworth +10 more
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Proteasomal Processing of Albumin by Renal Dendritic Cells Generates Antigenic Peptides
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TL;DR: It is suggested that albumin can be a source of potentially antigenic peptides upon renal injury and that renal DC play a role in processing self-proteins through a proteasome-dependent pathway.
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Neutrophil
TL;DR: Recent studies implicate a peculiar form of neutrophil death and its extracellular sequelae in mediating inflammation in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Nephritogenic Potential of Anti-DNA Antibodies against Necrotic Nucleosomes
TL;DR: Exposure to exposed chromatin fragments contain structures that stimulate the innate immune system through Toll-like receptors and the adaptive immune system to produce affinity-maturated pathogenic anti-chromatin and anti-dsDNA antibodies that are central to the development of lupus nephritis.
Journal ArticleDOI
TIM1 is an endogenous ligand for LMIR5/CD300b: LMIR5 deficiency ameliorates mouse kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Yoshinori Yamanishi,Jiro Kitaura,Kumi Izawa,Ayako Kaitani,Yukiko Komeno,Masaki Nakamura,Satoshi Yamazaki,Yutaka Enomoto,Toshihiko Oki,Hisaya Akiba,Takaya Abe,Tadasuke Komori,Yoshihiro Morikawa,Hiroshi Kiyonari,Toshiyuki Takai,Ko Okumura,Toshio Kitamura +16 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that TIM1 is an endogenous ligand for LMIR5 and that the TIM1–LMIR5 interaction plays a physiological role in immune regulation by myeloid cells.