THE PROGENITOR MASS OF SN 2011dh FROM STELLAR POPULATION ANALYSIS

TLDR: In this article, the age of the stellar association in the vicinity of supernova 2011dh and use it to infer the zero-age main-sequence mass (M ZAMS) of the progenitor star.

Abstract: Using Hubble Space Telescope photometry, we characterize the age of the stellar association in the vicinity of supernova (SN) 2011dh and use it to infer the zero-age main-sequence mass (M ZAMS) of the progenitor star. We find two distinct and significant star formation (SF) events with ages of 29 and 13+2 ? 1 M ?, respectively. These two bursts represent 18+4 ? 9% (young) and 64+10 ? 14% (old) of the total SF in the last 50?Myr. Adopting these fractions as probabilities suggests that the most probable M ZAMS is 13+2 ? 1 M ?. These results are most sensitive to the luminosity function along the well-understood main sequence (MS) and are less sensitive to uncertain late-stage stellar evolution. Therefore, they stand even if the progenitor suffered disruptive post-MS evolution (e.g., eruptive mass loss or binary Roche-lobe overflow). Progenitor identification will help to further constrain the appropriate population. Even though pre-explosion images show a yellow supergiant (YSG) at the site of the SN, panchromatic SN light curves suggest a more compact star as the progenitor. In spite of this, our results suggest an association between the YSG and the SN. Not only was the star located at the SN site, but reinforcing an association, the star's bolometric luminosity is consistent with the final evolutionary stage of the 17?Myr old starburst. If the YSG disappears, then M ZAMS = 13+2 ? 1 M ?, but if it persists, then our results allow the possibility that the progenitor was an unseen star of >29 M ?.