The senescence-related mitochondrial/oxidative stress pathway is repressed in human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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TLDR
It is demonstrated that somatic mitochondria within human iPSCs revert to an immature ESC‐like state with respect to organelle morphology and distribution, expression of nuclear factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, content of mitochondrial DNA, intracellular ATP level, oxidative damage, and lactate generation, and suggest that cellular reprogramming can modulate the mitochondrial/oxidative stress pathway, thus inducing a rejuvenated state capable of escaping cellular senescence.Citations
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Somatic oxidative bioenergetics transitions into pluripotency-dependent glycolysis to facilitate nuclear reprogramming
Clifford D.L. Folmes,Timothy J. Nelson,Almudena Martinez-Fernandez,D. Kent Arrell,Jelena Zlatkovic Lindor,Petras P. Dzeja,Yasuhiro Ikeda,Carmen Perez-Terzic,Andre Terzic +8 more
TL;DR: The energetic infrastructure of somatic cells transitions into a required glycolytic metabotype to fuel induction of pluripotency, and metaboproteomics resolved upregulated gly colytic enzymes and downregulated electron transport chain complex I subunits underlying cell fate determination.
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Metabolic requirements for the maintenance of self-renewing stem cells
Keisuke Ito,Toshio Suda +1 more
TL;DR: Investigation into the molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways underlying stem cell self-renewal and differentiation hold great therapeutic promise.
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The return of metabolism: biochemistry and physiology of the pentose phosphate pathway
Anna Stincone,Alessandro Prigione,Thorsten Cramer,Mirjam M.C. Wamelink,Kate Campbell,Eric Cheung,Viridiana Olin-Sandoval,Nana-Maria Grüning,Antje Krüger,Mohammad Tauqeer Alam,Markus A. Keller,Michael Breitenbach,Kevin M. Brindle,Joshua D. Rabinowitz,Markus Ralser,Markus Ralser +15 more
TL;DR: The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a fundamental component of cellular metabolism as discussed by the authors, which shares reactions with the Entner-Doudoroff pathway and the Calvin cycle and divides into an oxidative and non-oxidative branch.
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Nanoscale surfaces for the long-term maintenance of mesenchymal stem cell phenotype and multipotency
Rebecca J. McMurray,Nikolaj Gadegaard,P. Monica Tsimbouri,Karl Burgess,Laura E. McNamara,Rahul S. Tare,Kate Murawski,Emmajayne Kingham,Richard O.C. Oreffo,Richard O.C. Oreffo,Matthew J. Dalby +10 more
TL;DR: The study identifies a nanostructured surface that retains stem-cell phenotype and maintains stem- cell growth over eight weeks, and implicates a role for small RNAs in repressing key cell signalling and metabolomic pathways, demonstrating the potential of surfaces as non-invasive tools with which to address the stem cell niche.
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Proliferation, survival and metabolism: the role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling in pluripotency and cell fate determination.
Jason S. L. Yu,Wei Cui +1 more
TL;DR: The recent in vitro and in vivo evidence for the role PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling plays in the control of pluripotency and differentiation in stem cells is reviewed, with a particular focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying these functions.
References
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Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors
Kazutoshi Takahashi,Koji Tanabe,Mari Ohnuki,Megumi Narita,Tomoko Ichisaka,Kiichiro Tomoda,Shinya Yamanaka +6 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that iPS cells can be generated from adult human fibroblasts with the same four factors: Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc.
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Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Blastocysts
James A. Thomson,Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor,Sander S. Shapiro,Michelle A. Waknitz,Swiergiel Jennifer J,Vivienne S. Marshall,Jeffrey M. Jones +6 more
TL;DR: Human blastocyst-derived, pluripotent cell lines are described that have normal karyotypes, express high levels of telomerase activity, and express cell surface markers that characterize primate embryonic stem cells but do not characterize other early lineages.
Journal ArticleDOI
Free radicals and antioxidants in normal physiological functions and human disease
TL;DR: Attention is focussed on the ROS/RNS-linked pathogenesis of cancer, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and ageing.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines Derived from Human Somatic Cells
Junying Yu,Maxim A. Vodyanik,Kim Smuga-Otto,Jessica Antosiewicz-Bourget,Jennifer L. Frane,Shulan Tian,Jeff Nie,Gudrun A. Jonsdottir,Victor Ruotti,Ron Stewart,Igor I. Slukvin,James A. Thomson +11 more
TL;DR: This article showed that OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28 factors are sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells to pluripotent stem cells that exhibit the essential characteristics of embryonic stem (ES) cells.