The strongest cosmic magnets: soft gamma-ray repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars
Abstract:
Two classes of X-ray pulsars, the anomalous X-ray pulsars and the soft gamma-ray repeaters, have been recognized in the last decade as the most promising candidates for being magnetars: isolated neutron stars powered by magnetic energy. I review the observational properties of these objects, focussing on the most recent results, and their interpretation in the magnetar model. Alternative explanations, in particular those based on accretion from residual disks, are also considered. The possible relations between these sources and other classes of neutron stars and astrophysical objects are also discussed.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Normal ground state of dense relativistic matter in a magnetic field
TL;DR: In this paper, the properties of the ground state of relativistic matter in a magnetic field are examined within the framework of a Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model.
Journal ArticleDOI
Search for Gravitational Wave Bursts from Six Magnetars
J. Abadie,B. P. Abbott,Richard J. Abbott,M. R. Abernathy,T. Accadia,Fausto Acernese,Fausto Acernese,C. Adams,Rana X. Adhikari,C. Affeldt,C. Affeldt,Benjamin William Allen,Benjamin William Allen,Benjamin William Allen,G. S. Allen,E. Amador Ceron,D. Amariutei,R. S. Amin,S. B. Anderson,W. G. Anderson,F. Antonucci,Koji Arai,M. A. Arain,M. C. Araya,S. M. Aston,P. Astone,D. Atkinson,P. Aufmuth,P. Aufmuth,C. Aulbert,C. Aulbert,B. E. Aylott,Stanislav Babak,P. T. Baker,G. Ballardin,S. W. Ballmer,D. Barker,S. Barnum,Fabrizio Barone,Fabrizio Barone,B. Barr,P. Barriga,Lisa Barsotti,M. Barsuglia,M. A. Barton,Imre Bartos,Riccardo Bassiri,M. Bastarrika,A. Basti,J. Bauchrowitz,J. Bauchrowitz,Th. S. Bauer,B. Behnke,M. G. Beker,A. S. Bell,A. Belletoile,I. Belopolski,Matthew Benacquista,Alessandro Bertolini,Alessandro Bertolini,J. Betzwieser,N. Beveridge,P. T. Beyersdorf,I. A. Bilenko,G. Billingsley,Jens Birch,S. Birindelli,Rahul Biswas,M. Bitossi,M. A. Bizouard,E. Black,J. K. Blackburn,Lindy Blackburn,David Blair,B. Bland,M. Blom,O. Bock,O. Bock,T. P. Bodiya,C. Bogan,C. Bogan,Ruxandra Bondarescu,François Bondu,L. Bonelli,R. Bonnand,R. Bork,M. Born,M. Born,V. Boschi,Suvadeep Bose,L. Bosi,B. Bouhou,Michael Boyle,S. Braccini,C. Bradaschia,Patrick Brady,Vladimir B. Braginsky,J. E. Brau,J. Breyer,J. Breyer,D. O. Bridges,A. Brillet,M. Brinkmann,M. Brinkmann,V. Brisson,M. Britzger,M. Britzger,A. F. Brooks,Duncan A. Brown,A. Brummit,Robert J. Budzyński,Tomasz Bulik,Tomasz Bulik,H. J. Bulten,Alessandra Buonanno,Jordi Burguet-Castell,O. Burmeister,O. Burmeister,D. Buskulic,C. Buy,Robert L. Byer,Laura Cadonati,G. Cagnoli,J. Cain,Enrico Calloni,Jordan Camp,E. Campagna,P. Campsie,John K. Cannizzo,Kipp Cannon,Benjamin Canuel,Junwei Cao,C. D. Capano,F. Carbognani,S. Caride,Sarah Caudill,Marco Cavaglia,F. Cavalier,R. Cavalieri,G. Cella,Carlos Cepeda,Elena Cesarini,O. Chaibi,T. Chalermsongsak,E. Chalkley,P. Charlton,E. Chassande-Mottin,Simon Chelkowski,Yi Chen,Andrea Chincarini,Nelson Christensen,Sheon Chua,C. T. Y. Chung,S. Chung,F. Clara,Damon A. Clark,John A. Clark,J. H. Clayton,F. Cleva,E. Coccia,C. N. Colacino,J. Colas,A. Colla,M. Colombini,R. Conte,R. Conte,Douglas R. Cook,Thomas Corbitt,Neil J. Cornish,Alessandra Corsi,C. A. Costa,Michael W. Coughlin,J.-P. Coulon,David Coward,D. C. Coyne,Jolien D. E. Creighton,Teviet Creighton,A. M. Cruise,R. M. Culter,A. Cumming,L. Cunningham,E. Cuoco,Katrin Dahl,Katrin Dahl,S. L. Danilishin,R. Dannenberg,S. D'Antonio,Karsten Danzmann,Karsten Danzmann,K. Das,V. Dattilo,B. Daudert,H. P. Daveloza,M. Davier,Gavin Davies,E. J. Daw,R. Day,T. Dayanga,R. De Rosa,D.B. DeBra,G. Debreczeni,Jerome Degallaix,Jerome Degallaix,M. Del Prete,T. Dent,Vladimir Dergachev,Ryan DeRosa,R. DeSalvo,Sanjeev Dhurandhar,L. Di Fiore,A. Di Lieto,I. Di Palma,I. Di Palma,M. Di Paolo Emilio,A. Di Virgilio,Marco Aurelio Diaz,A. Dietz,F. Donovan,K. L. Dooley,S. Dorsher,Ewan S. Douglas,M. Drago,R. W. P. Drever,J. C. Driggers,J. C. Dumas,S. E. Dwyer,T. Eberle,T. Eberle,Matthew P. Edgar,M. Edwards,A. Effler,P. Ehrens,R. Engel,T. Etzel,Matthew Evans,Timothy Evans,M. Factourovich,V. Fafone,Stephen Fairhurst,Yaohui Fan,Ben Farr,D. Fazi,H. Fehrmann,H. Fehrmann,D. Feldbaum,I. Ferrante,F. Fidecaro,Lee Samuel Finn,I. Fiori,R. Flaminio,M. Flanigan,S. Foley,E. Forsi,L. A. Forte,N. Fotopoulos,J.-D. Fournier,J. Franc,S. Frasca,F. Frasconi,Maik Frede,Maik Frede,M. Frei,Z. Frei,Andreas Freise,R. Frey,T. T. Fricke,D. Friedrich,D. Friedrich,Peter Fritschel,V. V. Frolov,Paul Fulda,M. Fyffe,M. Galimberti,Luca Gammaitoni,J. Garcia,J. Garofoli,F. Garufi,M. E. Gáspár,G. Gemme,E. Genin,A. Gennai,Saranya Ghosh,J. A. Giaime,J. A. Giaime,S. Giampanis,S. Giampanis,K. D. Giardina,A. Giazotto,C. Gill,Evan Goetz,Lisa M. Goggin,Gabriela Gonzalez,Michael L. Gorodetsky,Stefan Goßler,Stefan Goßler,R. Gouaty,C. Graef,C. Graef,M. Granata,A. Grant,Slawomir Gras,C. Gray,R. J. S. Greenhalgh,A. M. Gretarsson,C. Greverie,R. Grosso,Hartmut Grote,Hartmut Grote,S. Grunewald,G. M. Guidi,C. J. Guido,Ranjan Gupta,E. K. Gustafson,R. Gustafson,Boris Hage,Boris Hage,J. M. Hallam,D. Hammer,G. D. Hammond,J. Hanks,Chad Hanna,J. Hanson,Jan Harms,Gregory M. Harry,I. W. Harry,Elizabeth Harstad,M. T. Hartman,K. Haughian,Kazuhiro Hayama,J. F. Hayau,T. Hayler,J. Heefner,H. Heitmann,P. Hello,Martin Hendry,Ik Siong Heng,A. W. Heptonstall,V. Herrera,Martin Hewitson,Martin Hewitson,Stefan Hild,D. Hoak,K. A. Hodge,K. Holt,Theodore S. Hong,Shaun Hooper,D. J. Hosken,J. H. Hough,Eric Howell,D. Huet,B. Hughey,Sascha Husa,S. H. Huttner,D. R. Ingram,R. Inta,T. Isogai,Anton B. Ivanov,Piotr Jaranowski,W. W. Johnson,David Jones,Gareth Jones,Roger Jones,Li Ju,Peter Kalmus,Vicky Kalogera,S. Kandhasamy,Jonah Kanner,E. Katsavounidis,W. Katzman,K. Kawabe,Seiji Kawamura,F. Kawazoe,F. Kawazoe,W. Kells,M. Kelner,Drew Keppel,A. Khalaidovski,A. Khalaidovski,F. Y. Khalili,Efim A. Khazanov,Hyun-Chul Kim,Hyun-Chul Kim,Namjun Kim,P. J. King,D. L. Kinzel,J. S. Kissel,S. Klimenko,V. Kondrashov,Ravi Kumar Kopparapu,Scott Koranda,W. Z. Korth,I. Kowalska,D. B. Kozak,V. Kringel,V. Kringel,Subramanian Krishnamurthy,Badri Krishnan,A. Królak,G. Kuehn,G. Kuehn,Rajesh Kumar,P. Kwee,P. Kwee,M. Landry,B. Lantz,Nico Lastzka,Nico Lastzka,Albert Lazzarini,P. Leaci,J. R. Leong,J. R. Leong,I. Leonor,N. Leroy,N. Letendre,Jingsong Li,Tenglin Li,N. Liguori,P. E. Lindquist,N. A. Lockerbie,D. Lodhia,M. Lorenzini,V. Loriette,M. Lormand,G. Losurdo,P. Lu,J. Luan,M. J. Lubinski,Harald Lück,Harald Lück,A. Lundgren,E. Macdonald,B. Machenschalk,B. Machenschalk,M. MacInnis,M. Mageswaran,K. Mailand,Ettore Majorana,I. Maksimovic,N. Man,Ilya Mandel,Vuk Mandic,M. Mantovani,Alireza Marandi,Fabio Marchesoni,F. Marion,S. Márka,Z. Márka,E. Maros,J. Marque,F. Martelli,I. W. Martin,R. M. Martin,J. N. Marx,K. Mason,A. Masserot,Fabrice Matichard,L. Matone,Richard A. Matzner,Nergis Mavalvala,Robert J. McCarthy,David E. McClelland,S. C. McGuire,G. McIntyre,D. J. A. McKechan,Grant David Meadors,Moritz Mehmet,Moritz Mehmet,T. Meier,T. Meier,Andrew Melatos,A. C. Melissinos,G. Mendell,R. A. Mercer,L. Merill,S. Meshkov,C. Messenger,C. Messenger,M. S. Meyer,Haixing Miao,C. Michel,Leopoldo Milano,Jon M. Miller,Y. Minenkov,Yasushi Mino,V. P. Mitrofanov,Guenakh Mitselmakher,R. Mittleman,O. Miyakawa,B. Moe,P. Moesta,M. Mohan,Soumya D. Mohanty,S. R. P. Mohapatra,D. Moraru,G. Moreno,N. Morgado,A. Morgia,S. Mosca,V. Moscatelli,Kasem Mossavi,Kasem Mossavi,B. Mours,C. M. Mow-Lowry,Guido Mueller,Soma Mukherjee,A. Mullavey,H. Müller-Ebhardt,H. Müller-Ebhardt,Jesper Munch,P. G. Murray,T. Nash,Ronny Nawrodt,John Nelson,Igor Neri,G. P. Newton,E. Nishida,Atsushi J. Nishizawa,F. Nocera,D. Nolting,Evan Ochsner,J. O'Dell,G. H. Ogin,R. G. Oldenburg,B. O'Reilly,Richard O'Shaughnessy,C. Osthelder,Christian D. Ott,David J. Ottaway,R. S. Ottens,H. Overmier,Benjamin J. Owen,Amanda J. Page,Giulia Pagliaroli,L. Palladino,C. Palomba,Yi Pan,C. Pankow,F. Paoletti,Maria Alessandra Papa,Maria Alessandra Papa,A. Parameswaran,Silvio Pardi,M. Parisi,A. Pasqualetti,R. Passaquieti,D. Passuello,P. Patel,D. Pathak,M. Pedraza,Larne Pekowsky,S. Penn,C. Peralta,A. Perreca,Gianluca Persichetti,M. Phelps,M. Pichot,M. Pickenpack,M. Pickenpack,F. Piergiovanni,M. Pietka,L. Pinard,Innocenzo M. Pinto,Innocenzo M. Pinto,Matthew Pitkin,Holger J. Pletsch,Holger J. Pletsch,M. V. Plissi,J. P. Podkaminer,Rosa Poggiani,J. Pöld,J. Pöld,Fabio Postiglione,Fabio Postiglione,Mirko Prato,V. Predoi,Larry R. Price,M. Prijatelj,M. Prijatelj,Maria Ilaria Del Principe,Maria Ilaria Del Principe,S. Privitera,Reinhard Prix,Reinhard Prix,G. A. Prodi,L. Prokhorov,O. Puncken,O. Puncken,M. Punturo,P. Puppo,V. Quetschke,F. J. Raab,D. S. Rabeling,István Rácz,H. Radkins,P. Raffai,Malik Rakhmanov,C. R. Ramet,B. Rankins,P. Rapagnani,V. Raymond,V. Re,K. Redwine,C. M. Reed,T. Reed,Tania Regimbau,Stuart Reid,David H. Reitze,F. Ricci,R. Riesen,K. Riles,Paul Roberts,N. A. Robertson,N. A. Robertson,Florent Robinet,C. Robinson,Emma L. Robinson,A. Rocchi,S. Roddy,L. Rolland,J. G. Rollins,Joseph D. Romano,Rocco Romano,Rocco Romano,J. H. Romie,D. Rosińska,D. Rosińska,Christian Röver,Christian Röver,Sheila Rowan,A. Rüdiger,A. Rüdiger,P. Ruggi,Kevin M. Ryan,S. Sakata,M. Sakosky,F. Salemi,F. Salemi,Marc L. Salit,L. Sammut,L. Sancho De La Jordana,V. Sandberg,Virginio Sannibale,Lucía Santamaría,I. Santiago-Prieto,G. Santostasi,S. Saraf,B. Sassolas,Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash,Shuichi Sato,Mark A. Satterthwaite,Peter R. Saulson,R. L. Savage,R. Schilling,R. Schilling,Stephan Schlamminger,Roman Schnabel,Roman Schnabel,R. M. S. Schofield,B. Schulz,B. Schulz,Bernard F. Schutz,Bernard F. Schutz,P. Schwinberg,John D. Scott,Susan M. Scott,A. C. Searle,F. Seifert,D. Sellers,A. S. Sengupta,D. Sentenac,A. M. Sergeev,Daniel A. Shaddock,M. Shaltev,M. Shaltev,B. Shapiro,P. Shawhan,T. Shihan Weerathunga,David H. Shoemaker,A. Sibley,Xavier Siemens,D. Sigg,A. Singer,Leo Singer,A. M. Sintes,G. R. Skelton,B. J. J. Slagmolen,J. Slutsky,J. R. Smith,M. R. Smith,N. D. Smith,Robert A. Smith,Kentaro Somiya,B. Sorazu,J. Soto,Fiona C. Speirits,L. Sperandio,M. Stefszky,A. J. Stein,J. Steinlechner,J. Steinlechner,Sebastian Steinlechner,Sebastian Steinlechner,S. Steplewski,A. Stochino,Robert Stone,Kenneth A. Strain,S. E. Strigin,A. Stroeer,Riccardo Sturani,A. L. Stuver,T. Z. Summerscales,M. Sung,Sunil Susmithan,Patrick J. Sutton,B. L. Swinkels,G. P. Szokoly,M. Tacca,D. Talukder,David B. Tanner,S. P. Tarabrin,S. P. Tarabrin,J.R. Taylor,J.R. Taylor,R. Taylor,P. Thomas,K. A. Thorne,Kip S. Thorne,Eric Thrane,A. Thüring,A. Thüring,C. Titsler,K. V. Tokmakov,Alessandra Toncelli,M. Tonelli,O. Torre,C. Torres,C. I. Torrie,C. I. Torrie,E. Tournefier,F. Travasso,G. Traylor,Miquel Trias,K. Tseng,L. Turner,D. Ugolini,Karel E. Urbanek,H. Vahlbruch,H. Vahlbruch,B. Vaishnav,G. Vajente,Michele Vallisneri,J. F. J. van den Brand,C. Van Den Broeck,S. Van Der Putten,M. V. Van Der Sluys,A. A. van Veggel,S. Vass,Mátyás Vasúth,Ruslan Vaulin,M. Vavoulidis,Alberto Vecchio,G. Vedovato,John Veitch,P. J. Veitch,C. Veltkamp,C. Veltkamp,D. Verkindt,F. Vetrano,A. Viceré,A. E. Villar,J. Y. Vinet,H. Vocca,C. Vorvick,S. P. Vyachanin,S. J. Waldman,L. Wallace,Alexander Wanner,Alexander Wanner,R. L. Ward,M. Was,P. Wei,M. Weinert,M. Weinert,A. J. Weinstein,Rainer Weiss,Linqing Wen,Linqing Wen,S. Wen,P. Wessels,P. Wessels,Matthew West,T. Westphal,T. Westphal,K. Wette,K. Wette,James Whelan,S. E. Whitcomb,D. J. White,B. F. Whiting,C. Wilkinson,Phil Willems,H. R. Williams,L. Williams,Benno Willke,Benno Willke,Lutz Winkelmann,Lutz Winkelmann,Walter Winkler,Walter Winkler,C. C. Wipf,A. G. Wiseman,Graham Woan,R. Wooley,J. Worden,Joshua Yablon,I. Yakushin,H. Yamamoto,Kazuhiro Yamamoto,Kazuhiro Yamamoto,Huan Yang,D. Yeaton-Massey,Sanichiro Yoshida,P. Yu,M. Yvert,Michele Zanolin,L. Zhang,Zhenyu Zhang,C. Zhao,N. Zotov,Michael E Zucker,J. Zweizig,R. Aptekar,William V. Boynton,Michael S. Briggs,T. L. Cline,Valerie Connaughton,D. D. Frederiks,N. Gehrels,John O. Goldsten,Dmitry Golovin,A. J. van der Horst,Kevin Hurley,Yuki Kaneko,A. von Kienlin,Chryssa Kouveliotou,Hans A. Krimm,Lin Lin,I. Mitrofanov,M. Ohno,V. Pal'Shin,Arne Rau,A. Sanin,Makoto Tashiro,Yukikatsu Terada,Kazutaka Yamaoka +854 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the results of a search for GW bursts from six galactic magnetars that is sensitive to neutron star f-modes, thought to be the most efficient GW emitting oscillatory modes in compact stars, were presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Observational diversity of magnetized neutron stars.
TL;DR: An introductory review for non-astrophysicists about the observational properties of highly-magnetized NSs, and how the five fundamental quantities of NSs change with evolution of, and vary depending on the class of, the NSs is presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Atmospheres and radiating surfaces of neutron stars
TL;DR: In this article, the current status of the theory is reviewed with particular emphasis on neutron stars with strong magnetic fields, and radiative condensed surfaces of neutron stars and "thin" (finite) atmospheres are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Constraining the braking indices of magnetars
TL;DR: In this article, the authors estimate the mean braking indices of eight magnetars with supernova remnants (SNRs) and find that they cluster in the range of 1-42.
References
More filters
Book
Compact Stellar X-ray Sources
TL;DR: A decade of X-ray sources and their evolution is described in this paper, with a focus on the formation and evolution of super-soft sources and the formation of compact stellar sources.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of very strongly magnetized neutron stars - Implications for gamma-ray bursts
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that a convective dynamo can also generate a very strong dipole field after the merger of a neutron star binary, but only if the merged star survives for as long as about 10-100 ms.
Journal ArticleDOI
The soft gamma repeaters as very strongly magnetized neutron stars - I. Radiative mechanism for outbursts
Journal ArticleDOI
The Soft Gamma Repeaters as Very Strongly Magnetized Neutron Stars. II. Quiescent Neutrino, X-Ray, and Alfvén Wave Emission
TL;DR: In this article, the decay rate of the core field is a very strong function of temperature and therefore of the magnetic flux density, which is not present in the decay of the weaker fields associated with ordinary radio pulsars.
Journal ArticleDOI
An X-ray pulsar with a superstrong magnetic field in the soft γ-ray repeater SGR1806 − 20
Chryssa Kouveliotou,Chryssa Kouveliotou,S. Dieters,S. Dieters,Tod E. Strohmayer,Tod E. Strohmayer,J. van Paradijs,Gerald J. Fishman,Charles A. Meegan,Kevin Hurley,Jefferson M. Kommers,Ian Smith,Dale A. Frail,Toshio Murakami +13 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the discovery of pulsations in the persistent X-ray flux of SGR1806-20, with a period of 7.47 s and a spindown rate of 2.6 x 10(exp -3) s/yr.