Journal ArticleDOI
What messenger RNA capping tells us about eukaryotic evolution
TLDR
The 5′ cap is a unique feature of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA that is absent from the bacterial and archaeal domains of life and the structure and genetic organization of the component enzymes vary between species.Abstract:
The 5' cap is a unique feature of eukaryotic cellular and viral messenger RNA that is absent from the bacterial and archaeal domains of life. The cap is formed by three enzymatic reactions at the 5' terminus of nascent mRNAs. Although the capping pathway is conserved in all eukaryotes, the structure and genetic organization of the component enzymes vary between species. These differences provide insights into the evolution of eukaryotes and eukaryotic viruses.read more
Citations
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Type I interferons act directly on CD8 T cells to allow clonal expansion and memory formation in response to viral infection.
TL;DR: It is shown that the lack of direct CD8 T cell contact with IFN-I causes >99% reduction in their capacity to expand and generate memory cells, which is critical for the generation of effector and memory cells in response to viral infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effector and memory CTL differentiation.
TL;DR: This review focuses on recent advances in the understanding of how effector and memory CTL differentiate and survive in vivo in response to viral or bacterial infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Memory CD8 T-Cell Differentiation during Viral Infection
E. John Wherry,Rafi Ahmed +1 more
TL;DR: Memory CD8 T cells are an important component of protective immunity against viral infections, and understanding their development will aid in the design of optimal vaccines.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ribose 2′-O-methylation provides a molecular signature for the distinction of self and non-self mRNA dependent on the RNA sensor Mda5
Roland Züst,Roland Züst,Luisa Cervantes-Barragan,Matthias Habjan,Reinhard Maier,Benjamin W. Neuman,John Ziebuhr,John Ziebuhr,Kristy J. Szretter,Susan C. Baker,Winfried Barchet,Michael S. Diamond,Stuart G. Siddell,Burkhard Ludewig,Burkhard Ludewig,Volker Thiel,Volker Thiel +16 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the induction of type I interferon by viruses deficient in 2′-O-methyltransferase was dependent on the cytoplasmic RNA sensor Mda5, which suggests that RNA modifications such as 2-methylation provide a molecular signature for the discrimination of self and non-self mRNA.
Journal ArticleDOI
Functional and genomic profiling of effector CD8 T cell subsets with distinct memory fates
Surojit Sarkar,Vandana Kalia,W. Nicholas Haining,Bogumila T. Konieczny,Shruti Subramaniam,Rafi Ahmed +5 more
TL;DR: A comprehensive phenotypic, functional, and genomic profiling of terminal effectors and memory precursors is provided and it is shown that the duration of antigenic stimulation is a critical regulator of memory formation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya.
TL;DR: It is proposed that a formal system of organisms be established in which above the level of kingdom there exists a new taxon called a "domain." Life on this planet would be seen as comprising three domains, the Bacteria, the Archaea, and the Eucarya, each containing two or more kingdoms.
Journal ArticleDOI
eIF4 Initiation Factors: Effectors of mRNA Recruitment to Ribosomes and Regulators of Translation
TL;DR: The recent determination of the structure of eIF4E at atomic resolution has provided insight about how translation is initiated and regulated and suggests that eif4F is also implicated in malignancy and apoptosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Kingdom-Level Phylogeny of Eukaryotes Based on Combined Protein Data
TL;DR: The sequences of four of the most broadly taxonomically sampled proteins available are combined to create a roughly parallel data set to that of SSU rRNA, showing strong support for most major groups and several major supergroups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genome sequence and gene compaction of the eukaryote parasite Encephalitozoon cuniculi
Michael Katinka,Simone Duprat,Emmanuel Cornillot,Guy Méténier,Fabienne Thomarat,Gérard Prensier,Valérie Barbe,Eric Peyretaillade,Philippe Brottier,Patrick Wincker,Frédéric Delbac,Hicham El Alaoui,Pierre Peyret,William Saurin,Manolo Gouy,Jean Weissenbach,Christian P. Vivarès +16 more
TL;DR: The DNA sequences of the 11 chromosomes of the ∼2.9-megabase (Mb) genome of Encephalitozoon cuniculi are reported and it is hypothesize that microsporidia have retained a mitochondrion-derived organelle.
Journal ArticleDOI
The complete genome of the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus P2.
Qunxin She,Rama K. Singh,Fabrice Confalonieri,Yvan Zivanovic,Ghislaine Allard,Mariana J. Awayez,Christina C.-Y. Chan-Weiher,Ib Groth Clausen,Bruce A. Curtis,Anick De Moors,Gaël Erauso,Cynthia Fletcher,Paul M. K. Gordon,Ineke Heikamp-de Jong,Alex C. Jeffries,Catherine Kozera,Nadine Medina,Xu Peng,Hoa Phan Thi-Ngoc,Peter Redder,Margaret E. Schenk,Cynthia Theriault,Niels Tolstrup,Robert L. Charlebois,W. Ford Doolittle,Michel Duguet,Terry Gaasterland,Roger A. Garrett,Mark A. Ragan,Christoph Wilhelm Sensen,John van der Oost +30 more
TL;DR: The results illustrate major differences between crenarchaea and euryarchaea, especially for their DNA replication mechanism and cell cycle processes and their translational apparatus.
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