Whitepaper: Defining and investigating cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance
Yaakov Stern,Eider M. Arenaza-Urquijo,David Bartrés-Faz,Sylvie Belleville,Marc Cantilon,Gaël Chételat,Michael Ewers,Nicolai Franzmeier,Gerd Kempermann,William S. Kremen,Ozioma C. Okonkwo,Nikolaos Scarmeas,Nikolaos Scarmeas,Anja Soldan,Chinedu T. Udeh-Momoh,Michael Valenzuela,Prashanthi Vemuri,Eero Vuoksimaa,Eider M. Arenaza Urquiljo,Marc Cantillon,Sean A. P. Clouston,Ainara Estanga,Brian T. Gold,Christian G. Habeck,Richard N. Jones,Renata Kochhann,W.S. Kremen,Yen Ying Lim,Pablo Martinez-Lage,Silvia Morbelli,Rik Ossenkoppele,Corinne Pettigrew,Allyson C. Rosen,Xiaowei Song,Anita C. van Loenhoud +34 more
TLDR
The reserve, resilience, and protective factors professional interest area established a whitepaper workgroup to develop consensus definitions for cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance and evaluated measures that have been used to implement these concepts in research settings and developed guidelines for research that explores or utilizes these concepts.Abstract:
Several concepts, which in the aggregate get might be used to account for "resilience" against age- and disease-related changes, have been the subject of much research. These include brain reserve, cognitive reserve, and brain maintenance. However, different investigators have use these terms in different ways, and there has never been an attempt to arrive at consensus on the definition of these concepts. Furthermore, there has been confusion regarding the measurement of these constructs and the appropriate ways to apply them to research. Therefore the reserve, resilience, and protective factors professional interest area, established under the auspices of the Alzheimer's Association, established a whitepaper workgroup to develop consensus definitions for cognitive reserve, brain reserve, and brain maintenance. The workgroup also evaluated measures that have been used to implement these concepts in research settings and developed guidelines for research that explores or utilizes these concepts. The workgroup hopes that this whitepaper will form a reference point for researchers in this area and facilitate research by supplying a common language.read more
Citations
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Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2020 report of the Lancet Commission.
Gill Livingston,Gill Livingston,Jonathan Huntley,Andrew Sommerlad,Andrew Sommerlad,David Ames,Clive Ballard,Sube Banerjee,Carol Brayne,Alistair Burns,Jiska Cohen-Mansfield,Claudia Cooper,Sergi G. Costafreda,Amit Dias,Nick C. Fox,Laura N. Gitlin,Robert Howard,Helen C. Kales,Mika Kivimäki,Eric B. Larson,Adesola Ogunniyi,Vasiliki Orgeta,Karen Ritchie,Kenneth Rockwood,Elizabeth L Sampson,Quincy M. Samus,Lon S. Schneider,Geir Selbæk,Linda Teri,Naaheed Mukadam +29 more
TL;DR: Author(s): Livingston, Gill; Huntley, Jonathan; Sommerlad, Andrew ; Sommer Glad, Andrew; Ames, David; Ballard, Clive; Banerjee, Sube; Brayne, Carol; Burns, Alistair; Cohen-Mansfield, Jiska; Cooper, Claudia; Costafreda, Sergi G; Dias, Amit; Fox, Nick; Gitlin, Laura N; Howard, Robert; Kales, Helen C;
Journal ArticleDOI
2022 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
TL;DR: The public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on family caregivers, the dementia workforce and society are described are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
Education and Cognitive Functioning Across the Life Span.
Martin Lövdén,Martin Lövdén,Laura Fratiglioni,M. Maria Glymour,Ulman Lindenberger,Elliot M. Tucker-Drob +5 more
TL;DR: It is found that associations between education and aging-associated cognitive declines are negligible and that a threshold model of dementia can account for the association between educational attainment and late-life dementia risk.
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Incidence and prevalence of dementia associated with transient ischaemic attack and stroke: analysis of the population-based Oxford Vascular Study
TL;DR: 5-year risk of dementia was associated with age, event severity, previous stroke, dysphasia, baseline cognition, low education, pre-morbid dependency, leucoaraiosis, and diabetes, while incidence and prevalence of dementia in the population was compared with published UK population age-matched and sex-matched rates.
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Biological subtypes of Alzheimer disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: A model is proposed that determines individuals' belonging to one of the AD subtypes based on the combination of protective factors, risk factors, and concomitant non-AD brain pathologies, and can be used along the A/T/N classification scheme for AD biomarkers.
References
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Improving the resistance and resilience framework for aging and dementia studies
TL;DR: While the field advances towards consensus definitions of existing concepts, the resistance vs resilience terminology may provide clarity in the communication of results in aging and dementia studies as well as provide a framework for the development of both hypotheses and study designs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of Racial Residential Segregation Throughout Young Adulthood and Cognitive Performance in Middle-aged Participants in the CARDIA Study.
Michelle R. Caunca,Michelle C. Odden,M. Maria Glymour,Tali Elfassy,Kiarri N. Kershaw,Stephen Sidney,Kristine Yaffe,Lenore J. Launer,Adina Zeki Al Hazzouri +8 more
TL;DR: Exposure to residential segregation throughout young adulthood was associated with worse processing speed among black participants as early as in midlife, which may potentially explain black-white disparities in dementia risk at older age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current trends and challenges on dementia management and research in Latin America
Ricardo Nitrini,Maira Tonidandel Barbosa,Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki,Mônica Sanches Yassuda,Paulo Caramelli +4 more
TL;DR: The CNPq aims to contribute towards the sustainable development of science and technology in the developing countries by promoting scientific and technological innovation.
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Enhanced dynamic functional connectivity (whole-brain chronnectome) in chess experts
Enrico Premi,Stefano Gazzina,Matteo Diano,Andrea Girelli,Vince D. Calhoun,Armin Iraji,Qiyong Gong,Kaiming Li,Franco Cauda,Roberto Gasparotti,Alessandro Padovani,Barbara Borroni,Mauro Magoni +12 more
TL;DR: Chess playing may induce changes in brain activity through the modulation of the chronnectome, and future studies are warranted to evaluate if these potential effects lead to enhanced cognitive processing and if “gaming” might be used as a treatment in clinical practice.
Journal ArticleDOI
The design, evaluation, and reporting on non-pharmacological, cognition-oriented treatments for older adults: Results of a survey of experts.
Sharon Sanz Simon,Sharon Sanz Simon,Mary Castellani,Sylvie Belleville,Tzvi Dwolatzky,Benjamin M. Hampstead,Alex Bahar-Fuchs +6 more
TL;DR: It is critical to identify effective cognition‐oriented treatments (COTs; eg, cognitive training, rehabilitation) that can help maintain or enhance cognitive functioning in older adults, as well as reduce dementia risk or alleviate symptoms associated with pathological processes.
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