Tewes Tralau

TL;DR: Research highlights included: advances in understanding of immune responses to contact sensitisers, the importance of autoxidation or enzyme-mediated oxidation for the activation of chemicals, the mechanisms through which hapten-protein conjugates are formed and the development of novel in vitro strategies for the identification of skin-sensitising chemicals.

TL;DR: The status quo of microphysiological systems available today against industry needs is reviewed, and the broad variety of approaches with fit-for-purpose potential in the drug development cycle are assessed, and feasibility solutions to reach the next levels of human biology in vitro are proposed.

TL;DR: Concerns are the potential for phototoxicity, substance migration, and the possible metabolic conversion of tattoo ink ingredients into toxic substances, which apply to cleavage products that are formed during laser-assisted tattoo removal.

TL;DR: An international group of experts in the field of epithelial barriers was convened from academia, industry and regulatory bodies to present both the current state of the art of non-animal models of the skin, intestinal and pulmonary barriers and to discuss future directions for both the development of new models and the refinement of existing test methods.

TL;DR: It was considered promising to strive to link gene expression changes and pathway perturbations to the phenotype by mapping them to specific adverse outcome pathways, and the ECETOC workshop provided important incentives towards achieving this goal.