Institution
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Nonprofit•Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States•
About: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory is a nonprofit organization based out in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Gene & Genome. The organization has 3772 authors who have published 6603 publications receiving 1010873 citations. The organization is also known as: CSHL.
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: The essential RNA component of this ribonucleoprotein enzyme has now been cloned and found to contain the sequence CAACCCCAA, which seems to be the template for the synthesis of TTGGGG repeats.
Abstract: The telomerase enzyme of Tetrahymena synthesizes repeats of the telomeric DNA sequence TTGGGG de novo in the absence of added template. The essential RNA component of this ribonucleoprotein enzyme has now been cloned and found to contain the sequence CAACCCCAA, which seems to be the template for the synthesis of TTGGGG repeats.
1,623 citations
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Francis Crick Institute1, Fox Chase Cancer Center2, Washington University in St. Louis3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory4, Howard Hughes Medical Institute5, Salk Institute for Biological Studies6, Cornell University7, Goethe University Frankfurt8, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center9, Massachusetts Institute of Technology10, Harvard University11, University of Manchester12, New York University13, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston14, University of Pennsylvania15, Stony Brook University16, Hofstra University17, Weizmann Institute of Science18, Oregon Health & Science University19, University of California, San Francisco20, King's College London21, Johns Hopkins University22
TL;DR: This Consensus Statement issues a call to action for all cancer researchers to standardize assays and report metadata in studies of cancer-associated fibroblasts to advance the understanding of this important cell type in the tumour microenvironment.
Abstract: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumour microenvironment with diverse functions, including matrix deposition and remodelling, extensive reciprocal signalling interactions with cancer cells and crosstalk with infiltrating leukocytes. As such, they are a potential target for optimizing therapeutic strategies against cancer. However, many challenges are present in ongoing attempts to modulate CAFs for therapeutic benefit. These include limitations in our understanding of the origin of CAFs and heterogeneity in CAF function, with it being desirable to retain some antitumorigenic functions. On the basis of a meeting of experts in the field of CAF biology, we summarize in this Consensus Statement our current knowledge and present a framework for advancing our understanding of this critical cell type within the tumour microenvironment.
1,616 citations
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TL;DR: Biochemical purification of the RNAi effector nuclease from cultured Drosophila cells reveals that one constituent of this complex is a member of the Argonaute family of proteins, which are essential for gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans, Neurospora, and Arabidopsis.
Abstract: Double-stranded RNA induces potent and specific gene silencing through a process referred to as RNA interference (RNAi) or posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS). RNAi is mediated by RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), a sequence-specific, multicomponent nuclease that destroys messenger RNAs homologous to the silencing trigger. RISC is known to contain short RNAs (∼22 nucleotides) derived from the double-stranded RNA trigger, but the protein components of this activity are unknown. Here, we report the biochemical purification of the RNAi effector nuclease from cultured Drosophila cells. The active fraction contains a ribonucleoprotein complex of ∼500 kilodaltons. Protein microsequencing reveals that one constituent of this complex is a member of the Argonaute family of proteins, which are essential for gene silencing in Caenorhabditis elegans , Neurospora , and Arabidopsis . This observation begins the process of forging links between genetic analysis of RNAi from diverse organisms and the biochemical model of RNAi that is emerging from Drosophila in vitro systems.
1,602 citations
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TL;DR: Evidence is reviewed that stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment mediate this restriction by excluding T cells from the vicinity of cancer cells, and overcoming this T cell checkpoint may enable optimal immunotherapy.
Abstract: Effective immunotherapy promotes the killing of cancer cells by cytotoxic T cells. This requires not only that cancer-specific T cells be generated, but also that these T cells physically contact cancer cells. The coexistence in some patients of cancer cells and T cells that recognize them indicates that tumors may exhibit the phenomenon of immune privilege, in which immunogenic tissue is protected from immune attack. Here, we review the evidence that stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment mediate this restriction by excluding T cells from the vicinity of cancer cells. Overcoming this T cell checkpoint may thus enable optimal immunotherapy.
1,583 citations
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TL;DR: A revised, error-corrected, and validated assembly of the Nipponbare cultivar of rice was generated using optical map data, re-sequencing data, and manual curation that will facilitate on-going and future research in rice.
Abstract: Rice research has been enabled by access to the high quality reference genome sequence generated in 2005 by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project (IRGSP). To further facilitate genomic-enabled research, we have updated and validated the genome assembly and sequence for the Nipponbare cultivar of Oryza sativa (japonica group). The Nipponbare genome assembly was updated by revising and validating the minimal tiling path of clones with the optical map for rice. Sequencing errors in the revised genome assembly were identified by re-sequencing the genome of two different Nipponbare individuals using the Illumina Genome Analyzer II/IIx platform. A total of 4,886 sequencing errors were identified in 321 Mb of the assembled genome indicating an error rate in the original IRGSP assembly of only 0.15 per 10,000 nucleotides. A small number (five) of insertions/deletions were identified using longer reads generated using the Roche 454 pyrosequencing platform. As the re-sequencing data were generated from two different individuals, we were able to identify a number of allelic differences between the original individual used in the IRGSP effort and the two individuals used in the re-sequencing effort. The revised assembly, termed Os-Nipponbare-Reference-IRGSP-1.0, is now being used in updated releases of the Rice Annotation Project and the Michigan State University Rice Genome Annotation Project, thereby providing a unified set of pseudomolecules for the rice community. A revised, error-corrected, and validated assembly of the Nipponbare cultivar of rice was generated using optical map data, re-sequencing data, and manual curation that will facilitate on-going and future research in rice. Detection of polymorphisms between three different Nipponbare individuals highlights that allelic differences between individuals should be considered in diversity studies.
1,551 citations
Authors
Showing all 3800 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Phillip A. Sharp | 172 | 614 | 117126 |
Gregory J. Hannon | 165 | 421 | 140456 |
Ian A. Wilson | 158 | 971 | 98221 |
Marco A. Marra | 153 | 620 | 184684 |
Michael E. Greenberg | 148 | 316 | 114317 |
Tom Maniatis | 143 | 318 | 299495 |
Detlef Weigel | 142 | 516 | 84670 |
Kim Nasmyth | 142 | 294 | 59231 |
Arnold J. Levine | 139 | 485 | 116005 |
Joseph E. LeDoux | 139 | 478 | 91500 |
Gerald R. Fink | 138 | 316 | 70868 |
Ramnik J. Xavier | 138 | 597 | 101879 |
Harold E. Varmus | 137 | 496 | 76320 |
David A. Jackson | 136 | 1095 | 68352 |
Scott W. Lowe | 134 | 396 | 89376 |