Showing papers by "Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul published in 2009"
TL;DR: The RAST procedure is reliable and valid, and can be used to measure running anaerobic power and predict short-distance performances, and due to its simplicity can easily be incorporated into routine training.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the running anaerobic sprint test (RAST) in anaerobic assessment and predicting short-distance performance. Forty members of the armed forces were recruited for this study (age 19.78 +/- 1.18 years; body mass 70.34 +/- 8.10 kg; height 1.76 +/- 0.53 m; body fat 15.30 +/- 5.65 %). The RAST test was applied to six 35-meter maximal running performances with a 10-second recovery between each run; the peak power, mean power, and the fatigue index were measured. The study was divided in two stages. The first stage investigated the reliability of the RAST using a test-retest method; the second stage aimed to evaluate the validity of the RAST comparing the results with the Wingate test and running performances of 35, 50, 100, 200, and 400 m. There were not significant differences between test-retest scores in the first stage of the study (p > 0.05) and were found significant correlations between these variables (intraclass correlation coefficient approximately = 0.88). The RAST had significant correlations with the Wingate test (peak power r = 0.46; mean power r = 0.53; fatigue index r = 0.63) and 35, 50, 100, 200, and 400 m performances scores (p < 0.05). The advantage of using the RAST for measuring anaerobic power is that it allows for the execution of movements more specific to sporting events that use running as the principal style of locomotion, is easily applied and low cost, and due to its simplicity can easily be incorporated into routine training. We concluded that this procedure is reliable and valid, and can be used to measure running anaerobic power and predict short-distance performances.
238 citations
Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center1, Monsanto2, Hiram College3, Virginia Tech4, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign5, University of Washington6, Cornell University7, Williams College8, Macquarie University9, Syracuse University10, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul11, Seattle Pacific University12, Arizona State University13, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology14, John Carroll University15
TL;DR: Together, these results define the evolution of chromosome architecture and gene content among the Rhizobiaceae and support a generalized mechanism for second-chromosome formation among bacteria.
Abstract: The family Rhizobiaceae contains plant-associated bacteria with critical roles in ecology and agriculture. Within this family, many Rhizobium and Sinorhizobium strains are nitrogen-fixing plant mutualists, while many strains designated as Agrobacterium are plant pathogens. These contrasting lifestyles are primarily dependent on the transmissible plasmids each strain harbors. Members of the Rhizobiaceae also have diverse genome architectures that include single chromosomes, multiple chromosomes, and plasmids of various sizes. Agrobacterium strains have been divided into three biovars, based on physiological and biochemical properties. The genome of a biovar I strain, A. tumefaciens C58, has been previously sequenced. In this study, the genomes of the biovar II strain A. radiobacter K84, a commercially available biological control strain that inhibits certain pathogenic agrobacteria, and the biovar III strain A. vitis S4, a narrow-host-range strain that infects grapes and invokes a hypersensitive response on nonhost plants, were fully sequenced and annotated. Comparison with other sequenced members of the Alphaproteobacteria provides new data on the evolution of multipartite bacterial genomes. Primary chromosomes show extensive conservation of both gene content and order. In contrast, secondary chromosomes share smaller percentages of genes, and conserved gene order is restricted to short blocks. We propose that secondary chromosomes originated from an ancestral plasmid to which genes have been transferred from a progenitor primary chromosome. Similar patterns are observed in select Beta- and Gammaproteobacteria species. Together, these results define the evolution of chromosome architecture and gene content among the Rhizobiaceae and support a generalized mechanism for second-chromosome formation among bacteria.
217 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, three different soil management systems were compared in a young olive grove installed on a heavy clay soil, near Cordoba, Southern Spain, during 7 years (2000-2006).
Abstract: Rainfall, runoff and soil loss from 6 m × 12 m plots were recorded during 7 years (2000–2006) in an experiment in which three different soil management systems were compared in a young olive grove installed on a heavy clay soil, near Cordoba, Southern Spain. The no-tillage (NT) system, kept weed-free with herbicides, had both the largest soil loss (6.9 t ha−1 year−1) and the highest average annual runoff coefficient (11.9%). By contrast, a cover crop (CC) of barley, reduced the soil losses to 0.8 t ha−1 year−1 and the average annual runoff coefficient to 1.2%. Conventional tillage (CT), had intermediate values of soil loss (2.9 t ha−1 year−1) and an average runoff coefficient of 3.1%. The different treatments were established 4 years after planting the olive trees, and a significant decrease in soil and runoff losses was observed with time as the olive trees grew and their canopies developed. Measurements at the end of the experiment showed a significant improvement in the topsoil properties of the CC treatment as compared to CT and NT. The soil under NT presented a significant degradation with respect to traditional CT management. Organic matter values were 2.0, 1.4 and 1.0%, and stability in water of macroaggregates was 0.452, 0.418 and 0.258 kg kg−1 for CC, CT and NT, respectively. These results indicate that the use of a cover crop can be a simple, feasible soil and water conservation practice in olive groves on rolling lands in the region. A key factor in its practical use is to establish it early enough to protect the soil in the critical initial years of the grove, when most of the soil is unprotected by the small olive canopy.
210 citations
TL;DR: Diverse gene products including phytotoxins, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and type III secreted effectors influence interactions between Pseudomonas syringae strains and plants, with additional yet uncharacterized factors likely contributing as well.
Abstract: Diverse gene products including phytotoxins, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and type III secreted effectors influence interactions between Pseudomonas syringae strains and plants, with additional yet uncharacterized factors likely contributing as well. Of particular interest are those interactions governing pathogen-host specificity. Comparative genomics of closely related pathogens with different host specificity represents an excellent approach for identification of genes contributing to host-range determination. A draft genome sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato T1, which is pathogenic on tomato but nonpathogenic on Arabidopsis thaliana, was obtained for this purpose and compared with the genome of the closely related A. thaliana and tomato model pathogen P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Although the overall genetic content of each of the two genomes appears to be highly similar, the repertoire of effectors was found to diverge significantly. Several P. syringae pv. tomato T1 effectors absent from strain DC3000 were confirmed to be translocated into plants, with the well-studied effector AvrRpt2 representing a likely candidate for host-range determination. However, the presence of avrRpt2 was not found sufficient to explain A. thaliana resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato T1, suggesting that other effectors and possibly type III secretion system-independent factors also play a role in this interaction.
136 citations
TL;DR: There are distinct shared anomalous regions (SARs) found in both chromosomes as the result of horizontal gene transfer unique to Brucella and not shared with its closest relative Ochrobactrum, a soil bacterium, suggesting their acquisition occurred in spite of a predominantly intracellular lifestyle.
Abstract: The facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen Brucella infects a wide range of warm-blooded land and marine vertebrates and causes brucellosis. Currently, there are nine recognized Brucella species based on host preferences and phenotypic differences. The availability of 10 different genomes consisting of two chromosomes and representing six of the species allowed for a detailed comparison among themselves and relatives in the order Rhizobiales. Phylogenomic analysis of ortholog families shows limited divergence but distinct radiations, producing four clades as follows: Brucella abortus-Brucella melitensis, Brucella suis-Brucella canis, Brucella ovis, and Brucella ceti. In addition, Brucella phylogeny does not appear to reflect the phylogeny of Brucella species' preferred hosts. About 4.6% of protein-coding genes seem to be pseudogenes, which is a relatively large fraction. Only B. suis 1330 appears to have an intact β-ketoadipate pathway, responsible for utilization of plant-derived compounds. In contrast, this pathway in the other species is highly pseudogenized and consistent with the “domino theory” of gene death. There are distinct shared anomalous regions (SARs) found in both chromosomes as the result of horizontal gene transfer unique to Brucella and not shared with its closest relative Ochrobactrum, a soil bacterium, suggesting their acquisition occurred in spite of a predominantly intracellular lifestyle. In particular, SAR 2-5 appears to have been acquired by Brucella after it became intracellular. The SARs contain many genes, including those involved in O-polysaccharide synthesis and type IV secretion, which if mutated or absent significantly affect the ability of Brucella to survive intracellularly in the infected host.
114 citations
TL;DR: Phylogenetic analysis of CatL-like gene data supported the relationships among trypanosome species reflected in the phylogenies based on the analysis of small subunit of ribosomal RNA gene sequence data and indicated that these sequences provide useful targets for epidemiological and population genetic studies.
96 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the conexoes entre o publico and o privado, no contexto particular do capitalismo de redefinicoes no papel do Estado, enfatizando a relacao entre the diagnostico neoliberal, incorporado pela terceira via, de que o responsavel pela crise and o Estado and as estrategias de transferencia da execucao das politicas sociais do estado for a sociedade civil.
Abstract: Este artigo analisa as conexoes entre o publico e o privado, no contexto particular do capitalismo de redefinicoes no papel do Estado, enfatizando a relacao entre o diagnostico neoliberal, incorporado pela terceira via, de que o responsavel pela crise e o Estado, e as estrategias de transferencia da execucao das politicas sociais do Estado para a sociedade civil. Nessa configuracao, focaliza o projeto de reforma do Estado brasileiro, que aponta a substituicao da administracao publica burocratica pela administracao publica gerencial e remete a sociedade civil, de modo especial, ao terceiro setor, o encargo pelos servicos sociais e cientificos. Assim, questiona-se o deslocamento do foco da participacao da sociedade, do controle social para a execucao dessas politicas e procura-se discutir as decorrencias dessas alteracoes para as politicas de gestao da educacao basica, principalmente, no que concerne a construcao da gestao democratica.
59 citations
TL;DR: The anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of Campomanesia adamantium fruits extracts were evaluated and promising antitubercular activity was observed with ethyl acetate extract and their fractions.
Abstract: The anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis activity of Campomanesia adamantium fruits extracts were evaluated. Six compounds, identified as flavanones and chalcones were quantified by HPLC-DAD-UV. Promising antitubercular activity was observed with ethyl acetate extract (MIC 62.5 μg/mL) and their fractions (MIC values ranging from 39 to above 250 μg/mL). The better MIC result of 39 μg/mL was associated with two fractions that contain bigger amounts of 5,7-dihydroxy-6, 8-di-C-methylflavanone and 2’,4’-dihydroxy-3’,5’dimethyl-6’-methoxychalcone. These compounds exhibited MICs >250 and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively, while their mixtures showed values ranging from 62.5 to 7.8 μg/mL, demonstrating a synergism between them.
59 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a gallium-doped hydroxyapatite has been used for grafts and implants stimulating bone growth in order to enhance osteosynthesis and calcium retention in loco.
56 citations
TL;DR: The multivariate analysis of risk factors revealed that age over 30 years and injecting drug use were associated with HCV infection and predominance of subtype 1a among drug users in Brazil.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia e fatores associados a infeccao pelo virus da hepatite C em usuarios de drogas e identificar os genotipos e subtipos virais circulantes. METODOS: Estudo realizado com 691 usuarios de drogas de 26 centros de tratamento de uso de drogas filantropicos, particulares e publicos de Goiânia (GO) e Campo Grande (MS), entre 2005 e 2006. Dados sociodemograficos e fatores de risco para infeccao pelo HCV foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas. Amostras sanguineas foram testadas para a deteccao de anticorpos para o HCV. As amostras positivas foram submetidas a deteccao do RNA-HCV pela reacao em cadeia da polimerase com iniciadores complementares as regioes 5' NC e NS5B do genoma viral e genotipadas pelo line probe assay (LiPA) e por sequenciamento direto, seguido de analise filogenetica. Prevalencia e odds ratio foram calculados com intervalo de 95% de confianca. Os fatores de risco com p<0,10 pela analise univariada foram analisados por regressao logistica hierarquica. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia para anti-HCV foi 6,9% (IC 95%: 5,2;9,2). A analise multivariada de fatores de risco indicou que idade superior a 30 anos e uso injetavel de drogas se mostraram associados a infeccao pelo HCV. O RNA-HCV foi detectado em 85,4% (41/48) das amostras anti-HCV positivas. Trinta e tres amostras foram do genotipo 1 pelo LiPA, subtipos 1a (63,4%) e 1b (17,1%), e 8 (19,5%) do genotipo 3, subtipo 3a. A analise filogenetica da regiao NS5B mostrou que 17 (68%), 5 (20%) e 3 (12%) amostras foram dos subtipos 1a, 3a e 1b, respectivamente. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados mostram uma prevalencia elevada da infeccao e do subtipo 1a do HCV em usuarios de drogas, sendo o uso injetavel de drogas o principal fator de risco para essa infeccao.
56 citations
TL;DR: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um modelo bioeconomico para deter-minacao de ponderadores economicos utilizados em indices de selecao em programas de melhoramento genetico de bovinos de corte.
Abstract: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver um modelo bioeconomico para deter-minacao de ponderadores economicos utilizados em indices de selecao em programas de melhoramento genetico de bovinos de corte. Foi desenvolvido um cenario padrao, onde, em termos absolutos, as caracteristicas de maior relevância economica foram o rendimento de carcaca, as caracteristicas ligadas a fertilidade do rebanho, seguidas pelas caracteristicas de peso e ganho de peso e por ultimo as referentes a mortalidade. Os valores genetico-economicos obtidos foram, para habilidade de permanencia (HP) 0,879; para probabilidade de prenhes ao 14 meses de idade (PP14) 0,201; para ganho de peso pos-desmama (GPD245) 0,190; para peso a desmama (PD) 0,061; e 0,080 para peso ao sobreano (PS). Portanto, verificou-se que as caracteristicas reprodutivas, HP e PP14, foram de 4,28 a 13,46 vezes mais importantes economicamente do que as caracteristicas de crescimento GPD245, PD e PS.
TL;DR: The results suggest that (+)-dicentrine may be considered as a promising natural mosquito larvicidal agent.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used Dsg1 ELISA to test IgG and anti-desmoglein 1 autoantibodies in a sample of 214 FS patients and 261 healthy controls.
01 Nov 2009
TL;DR: In this article, a survey was conducted with 189 professors in a federal university in Brazil to verify the relations among the process of the professor work, the conditions under which it is developed and the possible physical and mental illnesses of professors.
Abstract: Resumo Este artigo aborda o processo saude-doenca do trabalhador docente. O objetivo da pesquisa foi verificar as relacoes entre o processo de trabalho docente, as condicoes sob as quais ele se desenvolve e o possivel adoecimento fisico e mental dos professores em uma universidade federal. Para tanto, foi conduzida uma pesquisa exploratoria junto a 189 professores. Os resultados mostram que os docentes apresentam exaustao emocional, considerando a elevada manifestacao de sintomas tais como nervosismo, estresse, cansaco mental, esquecimento, insonia, entre outros. Os dados obtidos nos permitem afirmar que os depoimentos analisados constituem sinteses da propria forma como a universidade tem se colocado na sociedade, bem como assumido seu papel e construido sua propria identidade, interferindo na saude dos/as professores/as. Abstract This article deals with the process of health-disease of professor workers. The aim was to verify the relations among the process of the professor work, the conditions under which it is developed and the possible physical and mental illnesses of professors in a federal university in Brazil. A survey was conducted with 189 professors. The results show that the professors present emotional distress, considering the high manifestation of symptoms such as nervousness, stress, mental fatigue, forgetfulness, insomnia, among others. The data obtained allow us to state that the analyzed testimonies constitute the synthesis of the way the university has acted in the society, as well as assuming its role and building up its own identity, interfering with the health of professors. Keywords: teacher burnout; university; professor
TL;DR: The overall and occult HBV infection prevalence rates were determined in a large population of non‐injecting drug users in the Central‐West region of Brazil and indicated that preventive interventions are needed for both sexual and drug‐related high‐risk behavior.
Abstract: Non-injecting drug users are at high-risk for acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV), although the factors contributing to this increased risk are not known. In the present study, the overall and occult HBV infection prevalence rates were determined in a large population of non-injecting drug users in the Central-West region of Brazil. HBV genotypes and predictors of infection were also identified. A total of 852 individuals in 34 drug treatment centers were interviewed, and their serum samples were tested for the presence of HBV markers by ELISA. HBsAg and anti-HBc-positive samples were tested for HBV DNA by PCR. Samples with HBV DNA were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 14% (95% CI: 11.7–16.5). A multivariate analysis of risk factors showed that age >30 years, non-white race/ethnicity, duration of drug use >10 years, lifetime number of sexual partners >10, non-use of condoms, and HCV and HIV status were associated significantly with HBV infection. Of the 9 (1%) HBsAg-reactive samples, HBV DNA was present in 2/2 of HBeAg-positive and in 5/7 anti-HBe-positive samples. An occult HBV infection rate of 2.7% (3/110) was found among anti-HBc-positive individuals. All HBV DNA-positive samples were genotyped: seven were genotype A, two were genotype D, and one was genotype F. Finally, few individuals (8%) had serological evidence of a previous HBV vaccination. These findings indicate that preventive interventions are needed for both sexual and drug-related high-risk behavior. Additionally, non-injecting drug users should be targeted for HBV vaccination. J. Med. Virol. 81:602–609, 2009 © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
TL;DR: Scent-marking can play many roles in mammals and for giant otters, and the main roles appear to be communication of social and sexual status and territorial defense.
Abstract: Giant otters live in social groups, consisting of a mating pair and one or two litters. Groups are territorial and mark their territories often with scent-marks. Our objectives were to evaluate the frequencies of marking and over-marking according to the social status of the individuals and to define the different postures used during the marking. We observed four groups, totaling 25 individuals (five alpha males, four alpha females, seven adult females, one adult male and eight juveniles) with group size ranging between four and 13 individuals. The study was conducted between July 2006 and July 2007 in the Vermelho River and in a stretch of the Miranda River, in the Southern Pantanal. We observed the groups for a total of 2006 min and recorded 95 events of marking totaling 84.9 min. Time spent marking varied between groups and ranged from 4.3 to 44.7 min. The alpha males marked more frequently (62% of marking events, 55 min) than the alpha females (17% of marking events, 13.6 min). Of the 59 events of scent-marking by the alpha males, 32 over-marked the marks of other individuals from the group. Of the 16 events of scent-marking of the alpha females, five overmarked that of other females from the same group. When scent-marking, alpha males used the ‘stepping’ posture most frequently (63%), then ‘fore-paw rubbing’ (24%), ‘latrine use’ (7%), and ‘body rubbing’ (6%). Alpha females used the ‘stepping’ posture most frequently (65%), then ‘latrine use’ (19%) and ‘fore-paw rubbing’ (12%), with only one event of ‘body rubbing’ observed during marking. Subordinate females used the ‘stepping’ posture (76%) and ‘latrine use’ (24%) during marking. Scent-marking can play many roles in mammals and for giant otters, and the main roles appear to be communication of social and sexual status and territorial defense.
TL;DR: The results indicated the use of three species to be established in the existing pasture of the Cerrado (savannahs), considering the increments in height, stem diameter and survival rate: chico-magro (G. ulmifolia), caroba (J. decurrens) and canafistula (Peltophorum dubium).
Abstract: This work aimed to evaluate the rate of survival and the initial development of eleven native tree species established in existing pastures of Brachiaria brizantha at the Beef Cattle Center (Campo Grande, MS). The soil is a dystrophic clay Dark- Red Latosoil. The seedlings were planted in 16 rows, with 10 m between rows and 4 m between plants in a row. It was used a completely randomized design with four replicates. Each row contained at least one seedling of all the trees evaluated. A repeat was composed of four rows. The Tukey test (P=0,05) showed significant differences between the survival means, indicating that the seedling container and ecological succession groups (pioneer, early secondary, late secondary and climax) affected the results. The highest survival rates were found for the ipe (Tabebuia impetiginosa), caroba (Jacaranda cuspidifolia) and aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva). The highest rates of relative growth (P=0,05) in 12 months were observed for chico-magro (Guazuma ulmifolia), caroba (J. cuspidifolia) and canafistula (Peltophorum dubium). The growth rates of the pioneer species were higher (P=0,05) than the more advanced ecological groups in the successional scale (late secondary and climax). The differences increased over the time and during rainy season (P=0,05). The results indicated the use of three species to be established in the existing pasture of the Cerrado (savannahs), considering the increments in height, stem diameter and survival rate: chico-magro (G. ulmifolia), caroba (J. decurrens) and canafistula (Peltophorum dubium). The three species belong to the initial successional group.
TL;DR: Leptodactylus podicipinus was preferentially infected by direct life-cycle parasites and was reported as a new host record for seven helminth species.
Abstract: Forty-three specimens of Leptodactylus podicipinus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) were collected in the south-eastern Pantanal, municipality of Corumba, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil in February and July 2007, and examined for endoparasites. Forty (93%) specimens were infected with at least one helminth species. The predominant parasites were nematodes (Aplectana sp., Cosmocerca podicipinus, Oswaldocruzia lopesi, Physalopteroides venancioi, Rhabdias sp.), but the trematode Catadiscus propinquus also showed high prevalence. The trematodes Infidum infidum and Travtrema stenocotyle were also found, but in only one specimen. Adult frogs showed higher parasite diversity than subadults. Leptodactylus podicipinus was preferentially infected by direct life-cycle parasites and was reported as a new host record for seven helminth species.
TL;DR: Results support that A. jamaicensis feeds on a relatively poor assemblage of fruits in the Pantanal, and Ficus pertusa was the most common seed species and presented fast germination after passing through bats.
Abstract: We studied the assemblage of seed species and other food items defecated by juvenile and adult male and female individuals of Artibeus jamaicensis (Phyllostomidae) in three habitats in the Pantanal wetlands. The most frequent item in A. jamaicensis fecal samples were seeds (65%), followed by fruit pulp (30%), insects (20%), leaves (8%), and pollen (7%). Seeds of Ficus pertusa, F. gomelleira, Ficus sp., and Cecropia pachystachya were recorded in fecal samples from all three habitats while seeds of Banara arguta were exclusive to riparian forests. The relative occurrence of seed species in the fecal samples did not differ among sex or different‐aged individuals. Ficus pertusa was the most common seed species and presented fast germination after passing through bats. Seeds of C. pachystachya which passed through A. jamaicensis had a lower germination rate than those uneaten. Overall results support that A. jamaicensis feeds on a relatively poor assemblage of fruits in the Pantanal.
TL;DR: In dengue hemorrhagic fever, thrombocytopenia was more prolonged and the number of atypical lymphocytes was higher, while the other hematological abnormalities presented daily evolution similar to those in classic d Dengue.
Abstract: Dengue is a neglected disease with high morbidity and mortality among children and adults that occurs mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate hematological changes in patients with clinical manifestations of dengue. Medical records relating to 543 cases of dengue virus 3 that occurred during the 2007 epidemic in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, were studied. Cases of classic dengue predominated (90.2%), with mild clinical manifestations lacking complications. The main hematological findings were leukopenia (68.3%), thrombocytopenia (66.5%), lymphocytopenia (67.2%) and atypical lymphocytes (67%). In dengue hemorrhagic fever, thrombocytopenia was more prolonged and the number of atypical lymphocytes was higher, while the other hematological abnormalities presented daily evolution similar to those in classic dengue. The hematological changes observed in dengue present according to the clinical course of the disease and its severity.
TL;DR: Results indicate that PFTI possesses a toxic effect against A. kuehniella larvae, which showed a reduction in efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food, and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost.
Abstract: The Mediterranean flour moth, Anagasta kuehniella, is one of the most important insect pests of grains, reported worldwide, feeding on stored grains and products of rice, rye, corn and wheat. Plants synthesize a variety of molecules, including trypsin inhibitors, to defend themselves against attack by insects. In this study, a trypsin inhibitor (PFTI) was purified from Plathymenia foliolosa (Benth.) seeds and was tested for insect growth regulatory effect. The survival and mass of A. kuehniella larvae feeding on control seeds were about 82.7% and 5 mg, respectively, whereas survival on seeds containing 0.7% PFTI was about 56%, while a 66.1% reduction in the average mass of the larvae was observed. The results from dietary utilization experiments with A. kuehniella larvae showed a reduction in efficiency of conversion of ingested food and digested food, and an increase in approximate digestibility and metabolic cost. The level of trypsin was significantly decreased in larval midgut and increased in the feces of larvae reared on a diet containing 0.7% PFTI. Results indicate that PFTI possesses a toxic effect against A. kuehniella larvae.
TL;DR: Os resultados mostram uma prevalencia elevada da infeccao e do subtipo 1a do HCV em usuarios of drogas, sendo o uso injetavel de drogas o principal fator de risco para essa infeCCao.
Abstract: OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalencia e fatores associados a infeccao pelo virus da hepatite C em usuarios de drogas e identificar os genotipos e subtipos virais circulantes. METODOS: Estudo realizado com 691 usuarios de drogas de 26 centros de tratamento de uso de drogas filantropicos, particulares e publicos de Goiânia (GO) e Campo Grande (MS), entre 2005 e 2006. Dados sociodemograficos e fatores de risco para infeccao pelo HCV foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas. Amostras sanguineas foram testadas para a deteccao de anticorpos para o HCV. As amostras positivas foram submetidas a deteccao do RNA-HCV pela reacao em cadeia da polimerase com iniciadores complementares as regioes 5' NC e NS5B do genoma viral e genotipadas pelo line probe assay (LiPA) e por sequenciamento direto, seguido de analise filogenetica. Prevalencia e odds ratio foram calculados com intervalo de 95% de confianca. Os fatores de risco com p<0,10 pela analise univariada foram analisados por regressao logistica hierarquica. Valores de p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significantes. RESULTADOS: A prevalencia para anti-HCV foi 6,9% (IC 95%: 5,2;9,2). A analise multivariada de fatores de risco indicou que idade superior a 30 anos e uso injetavel de drogas se mostraram associados a infeccao pelo HCV. O RNA-HCV foi detectado em 85,4% (41/48) das amostras anti-HCV positivas. Trinta e tres amostras foram do genotipo 1 pelo LiPA, subtipos 1a (63,4%) e 1b (17,1%), e 8 (19,5%) do genotipo 3, subtipo 3a. A analise filogenetica da regiao NS5B mostrou que 17 (68%), 5 (20%) e 3 (12%) amostras foram dos subtipos 1a, 3a e 1b, respectivamente. CONCLUSOES: Os resultados mostram uma prevalencia elevada da infeccao e do subtipo 1a do HCV em usuarios de drogas, sendo o uso injetavel de drogas o principal fator de risco para essa infeccao.
TL;DR: The aim of this work was to design a wetland system treating greywater for a household and determine whether the chosen criteria were appropriate, and the results showed that the suggested design and configuration were in accordance with the expected efficiency.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify the demographic and clinical profile of individuals with severe obesity who were candidates for bariatric surgery and identify the most common comorbidities associated with obesity, including high blood pressure, dyspnea, varicose veins, and depression.
Abstract: Objective: To identify the demographic and clinical profile of individuals with severe obesity who were candidates for bariatric surgery. Methods: This was a descriptive study. Data were extracted from 252 medical records of candidates for bariatric surgery in the Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul from 2004 through 2007. Results: The prevalence of obesity was associated with other chronic diseases related to the eating habits. The majority of candidates for bariatric surgery were whites (86.53%) and female (80.15%). The mean age of the candidates was 36.07±10.16 years. The most common commorbidities included high blood pressure (63.49%), dyspnea (55.56%), varicose veins (45.63%), and depression (36.51%). Conclusion: The major comorbidity associated with obesity is high blood pressure; individuals need be followed by a multidisciplinary team of health care providers.
TL;DR: The synthesis of sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone spacers between two aromatic rings comparable to those of CA4 is described and it is found that the sulfide is highly active and may be a lead compound for the preparation of antitumor compounds.
TL;DR: A qualitative case study with 30 health care professionals was conducted to understand how heath care professionals approach family violence against children and teenagers as mentioned in this paper, which reflected a lack of integration among the several categories of health care providers and health care services.
Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To understand how heath care professionals approach family violence against children and teenagers METHODS: This was a qualitative case study with 30 health care professionals RESULTS: Health care professionals were concerned with the lack of successful family problems resolution Measures used by health care professionals emphasized punitive actions instead of caring behaviors The characteristics of the job did not allow of the health care professionals to express their feelings and reactions and to know how to successfully address family violence Health care professionals' approaches to address violence with families who already experienced violence may also become violent acts against those families CONCLUSION: Approaches used to address family violence against children and teenagers reflect a lack of integration among the several categories of health care professionals and health care services
TL;DR: The essential oils from Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg leaves, collected in the reproductive and fruit-bearing stages, were characterized by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The essential oils from Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg leaves, collected in the reproductive (flowering and fruit-bearing) and vegetative stages, were characterized by GC-MS (Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry). A total of 95 compounds of the essential oils were identified. In the reproductive stage (flowering) the major constituents were monoterpenes (limonene, α-pinene and β-pinene) while during the vegetative stage the major constituents were the sesquiterpenes (bicyclogermacrene and globulol). The essential oil of the reproductive stage shows high antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, and all show moderate activity against Escherichia coli. The essential oils were also evaluated for their radical-scavenging activity by DPPH. The chemogeographical variations of the oil composition from the four distinct localities studied all contained α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, linalool, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene, however the samples from Jardim city contained neither limonene nor linalool.
TL;DR: The results suggest that bovine leptospirosis is widespread in all the counties under study, with a high prevalence both at the animal and the herd level.
Abstract: Figueiredo A.O., Pellegrin A.O., Goncalves V.S.P., Freitas E.B., Monteiro L.A.R.C., Oliveira J.M. & Osorio A.L.A.R. 2009. (Prevalence and risk factors for bovine leptospirosis in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.) Prevalencia e fatores de risco para a leptospirose em bovinos do Mato Grosso do Sul. Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira 29(5):375- 381. Programa Mestrado em Ciencia Animal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. E-mail: line_figueiredo@yahoo.com.br The prevalence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies was estimated for female cattle aged 24 months or older. The sample comprised 178 herds from 22 counties in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The risk factors associated with the presence of infeccion were investigated. A total of 2,573 blood serum samples were tested against 10 leptospira serovars using the microagglutination test (MAT). Titers of 100 or higher for one or more serovars were detected in 1,801 females (98.8%) from 161 herds (96.5%). Serovar Hardjo (65.6%) was the most frequent, followed by serovar Wolffi (12.3%). These results suggest that bovine leptospirosis is widespread in all the counties under study, with a high prevalence both at the animal and the herd level. Beef farms and the Zebu breed were associated to the higher risk of herd infection by leptospiras.
TL;DR: The present findings suggest a dual effect of methiothepin, characterized by a disinhibitory effect on the post-ictal antinociception when peripherally administered and an inhibitory effect when centrally administered.
TL;DR: 2D DOSY 1H NMR has proved to be a useful technique in the identification of the molecular skeleton of the four major compounds of ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of Bidens sulphurea (Asteraceae).
Abstract: 2D DOSY 1H NMR has proved to be a useful technique in the identification of the molecular skeleton of the four major compounds of ethyl acetate extract of aerial parts of Bidens sulphurea (Asteraceae). The combination of this technique with HPLC, mass spectrometry and other NMR techniques enabled the identification of four flavonoid glycosides: quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glycopyranoside, quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinofuranoside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-rhamnopyranoside. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.