Federal University of São Paulo

About: Federal University of São Paulo is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 27971 authors who have published 49365 publications receiving 935536 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidade Federal de São Paulo & Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.

Three Postpartum Antiretroviral Regimens to Prevent Intrapartum HIV Infection

Abstract: The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [NICHD] and others

Effects of acute and chronic sleep loss on immune modulation of rats

Abstract: Sleep deprivation is now recognized as an increasingly common condition inherent to modern society, and one that in many ways, is detrimental to certain physiological systems, namely, immune function. Although sleep is now viewed by a significant body of researchers as being essential for the proper working of a host of defense systems, the consequences of a lack of sleep on immune function remains to be fully comprehended. The aim of the current study was to investigate how paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) for 24 and 96 h and sleep restriction (SR) for 21 days by the modified multiple-platform method, and their respective 24-h recovery periods, affect immune activation in rats. To this end, we assessed circulating white blood cell counts, lymphocyte count within immune organs, as well as Ig and complement production. The data revealed that PSD for 96 h increased complement C3 and corticosterone concentration in relation to the control group. In contrast, the spleen weight, total leukocytes, and lymphocytes decreased during SR for 21 days when compared with the control group, although production of a certain class of immunoglobulin, the IgM, did increase. After recovery sleep, lymphocyte count in axillary lymph nodes grew when rats had rebound sleep after PSD for 24 h, neutrophils increased after PSD 96 h and lymphocytes numbers were higher after SR 21 days. Such alterations during sleep deprivation suggest only minor alterations of nonspecific immune parameters during acute PSD, and a significant impairment in cellular response during chronic SR.

Association of concomitant fibromyalgia with worse disease activity score in 28 joints, health assessment questionnaire, and short form 36 scores in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: Objective To study the association of the presence of fibromyalgia (FM) with the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28), the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 36 (SF-36) health survey in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total of 270 outpatients with RA were enrolled in a prospective cross-sectional study. The patients underwent clinical evaluation and application of the HAQ and SF-36 questionnaires. Disease activity was evaluated using the DAS28 score. FM and RA diagnoses were made according to American College of Rheumatology criteria. Results The overall prevalence of FM was 13.4%. This group of patients had a higher prevalence of female sex, older mean age, higher functional class, and longer morning stiffness than patients with only RA. Mean ± SD DAS28 scores were significantly higher in patients with RA and FM (5.36 ± 0.99) than in patients with RA only (4.03 ± 1.39; P < 0.001). In a multivariable linear regression analysis, FM was an important predictor of the DAS28 score, even after adjusting for the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, number of swollen joints, functional class, number of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs currently in use, current dose of steroids, and articular erosions. HAQ and SF-36 scores were also worse in patients with RA and associated FM. Conclusion FM is related to worse scores on the DAS28, HAQ, and SF-36 in patients with RA. The presence of FM may have major implications in the interpretation of the DAS28 score because it is related to higher scores independently of objective evidence of RA activity.

Dependence in Activities of Daily Living and Cognitive Impairment Strongly Predicted Mortality in Older Urban Residents in Brazil: A 2‐Year Follow‐Up

Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To identify a set of predictors of mortality among residents in the community, before any physical, biochemical, or image examination is performed, that could be collected on a routine standardized basis, to help the clinician define a patient follow-up strategy and the health planner make decisions regarding the care of older people. DESIGN: A household follow-up study, with an evaluation at baseline and 2 years later. SETTING: Residential area, with a low rate of in- and outmigration, in Sao Paulo, a large industrialized urban center in southeastern Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand six hundred sixty-seven older urban residents in the community (65+), from different socioeconomic backgrounds, enrolled after a study area census. INTERVENTION: Structured home interview with Brazilian Older Americans Resources and Services Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire, previously validated in Portuguese. MEASUREMENTS: A logistic regression model for the risk of dying in the period was developed, having as independent variables, sociodemographic characteristics plus six other dimensions: subjective self-evaluation of health, past medical history, use of health services, dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs), mental health, and cognitive status. RESULTS: There were 146 deaths (9%) in the cohort during the follow-up interval. The variables that appeared as independent predictors of death in the final logistic regression model were: gender (relative risk (RR) = 2.8 (males)), age (RR = 2.0 (80+ vs. 65-69)), hospitalization in the previous 6 months (RR = 2.4 (at least one)), dependence in ADLs (RR = 3.0 (assistance required for 7 vs. 0 ADLs)); and cognitive impairment (RR = 1.9 (Mini-Mental State Examination 18 vs. 30)). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that in developing countries such as Brazil, an assessment of dependence in daily living and cognitive status should be an essential part of any health evaluation of an older person, not only because these variables represent potentially high independent mortality risks, but also because they can be easily and reliably assessed, using well-validated instruments, and may be susceptible to intervention.

Prevalência de sintomas de asma, rinite e eczema atópico entre crianças e adolescentes brasileiros identificados pelo International Study of Asthma and Allergies (ISAAC): fase 3

Abstract: OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalencia de sintomas relacionados a asma, rinite e eczema atopico em escolares (EC) entre 6 e 7 anos e adolescentes (AD) entre 13 e 14 anos, residentes em 20 cidades brasileiras, empregando o questionario escrito padronizado do ISAAC, e avaliar a sua associacao com a latitude, altitude e temperatura media anual dos centros de residencia. METODOS: Participaram do estudo EC e AD das cinco regioes do Brasil, totalizando 23.422 questionarios ISAAC respondidos pelos pais de EC e 58.144 pelos proprios AD. Os indices de latitude, altitude e temperatura media anual foram obtidos do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica. RESULTADOS: As prevalencias medias para os EC e AD, respectivamente, foram: asma ativa, 24,3 e 19,0%; rinoconjuntivite, 12,6 e 14,6%; e eczema flexural, 8,2 e 5,0%. Associacao significante e negativa foi observada entre latitude e prevalencia de asma diagnosticada por medico para os EC, asma grave, asma diagnosticada por medico, eczema e eczema flexural para os AD. Nao houve associacao com a altitude dos centros. CONCLUSAO: A prevalencia de asma, rinite e eczema atopico no Brasil foi variavel. Valores mais altos, sobretudo de asma e eczema, foram observados nos centros localizados mais proximos ao Equador.