Institution
Federal University of São Paulo
Education•São Paulo, Brazil•
About: Federal University of São Paulo is a education organization based out in São Paulo, Brazil. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 27971 authors who have published 49365 publications receiving 935536 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidade Federal de São Paulo & Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo.
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Federal University of São Paulo1, University of Illinois at Chicago2, Quinze-Vingts National Eye Hospital3, Queensland University of Technology4, Keio University5, University of Graz6, Duke University7, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich8, Washington University in St. Louis9, L V Prasad Eye Institute10, Cleveland Clinic11, Aston University12
TL;DR: This report presents future directions to address iatrogenic DED, including the need for more in-depth epidemiological studies about the risk factors, development of less toxic medications and preservatives, as well as new techniques for less invasive eye surgeries.
Abstract: Dry eye can be caused by a variety of iatrogenic interventions. The increasing number of patients looking for eye care or cosmetic procedures involving the eyes, together with a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of dry eye disease (DED), have led to the need for a specific report about iatrogenic dry eye within the TFOS DEWS II. Topical medications can cause DED due to their allergic, toxic and immuno-inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. Preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, may further aggravate DED. A variety of systemic drugs can also induce DED secondary to multiple mechanisms. Moreover, the use of contact lens induces or is associated with DED. However, one of the most emblematic situations is DED caused by surgical procedures such as corneal refractive surgery as in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and keratoplasty due to mechanisms intrinsic to the procedure (i.e. corneal nerve cutting) or even by the use of postoperative topical drugs. Cataract surgery, lid surgeries, botulinum toxin application and cosmetic procedures are also considered risk factors to iatrogenic DED, which can cause patient dissatisfaction, visual disturbance and poor surgical outcomes. This report also presents future directions to address iatrogenic DED, including the need for more in-depth epidemiological studies about the risk factors, development of less toxic medications and preservatives, as well as new techniques for less invasive eye surgeries. Novel research into detection of early dry eye prior to surgeries, efforts to establish appropriate therapeutics and a greater attempt to regulate and oversee medications, preservatives and procedures should be considered.
278 citations
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TL;DR: These thousands of CMV infections in pregnant women, along with the sharp racial/ethnic disparities in CMV incidence, are compelling reasons for accelerating research on vaccines and other interventions for preventing congenital CMV disease.
Abstract: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common opportunistic infection among HIV-infected individuals, a major source of serious complications among organ-transplant recipients, and a leading cause of hearing loss, vision loss, and mental retardation among congenitally infected children. Women infected for the first time during pregnancy are especially likely to transmit CMV to their fetuses. More children suffer serious disabilities caused by congenital CMV than by several better-known childhood maladies such as Down syndrome or fetal alcohol syndrome Using CMV seroprevalence data from the nationally representative Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we estimated CMV incidence among the general United States population and among pregnant women. We employed catalytic models that used age-specific CMV seroprevalences as cumulative markers of past infections in order to derive estimates of three basic parameters: the force of infection, the basic reproductive rate, and the average age of infection. Our main focus was the force of infection, an instantaneous per capita rate of acquisition of infection that approximates the incidence of infection in the seronegative population. Among the United States population ages 12–49 the force of infection was 1.6 infections per 100 susceptible persons per year (95% confidence interval: 1.2, 2.4). The associated basic reproductive rate of 1.7 indicates that, on average, an infected person transmits CMV to nearly two susceptible people. The average age of CMV infection was 28.6 years. Force of infection was significantly higher among non-Hispanic Blacks (5.7) and Mexican Americans (5.1) than among non-Hispanic Whites (1.4). Force of infection was significantly higher in the low household income group (3.5) than in the middle (2.1) and upper (1.5) household income groups. Based on these CMV incidence estimates, approximately 27,000 new CMV infections occur among seronegative pregnant women in the United States each year. These thousands of CMV infections in pregnant women, along with the sharp racial/ethnic disparities in CMV incidence, are compelling reasons for accelerating research on vaccines and other interventions for preventing congenital CMV disease. Nevertheless, the relatively low force of infection provides encouraging evidence that modestly effective vaccines and rates of vaccination could significantly reduce CMV transmission.
277 citations
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TL;DR: Tomographic-derived pachymetric parameters were better able to differentiate normal and keratoconic corneas than single-point pachymetry measurements and the role of tomography in identifying early forms of ectasia as well as ectasia risk among LASIK candidates is needed.
Abstract: PURPOSE: To describe pachymetric progression indices (PPI) of the Pentacam HR (Oculus Optikgerate) and the concept of relational thickness, and to test their accuracy for differentiating keratoconic and normal corneas compared with single-point thickness values.
277 citations
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Leipzig University1, Odense University Hospital2, Université libre de Bruxelles3, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro4, University Health Network5, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust6, Ege University7, Ankara University8, Université de Montréal9, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul10, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro11, Hannover Medical School12, University of Plymouth13, University of New South Wales14, Cairo University15, Örebro University16, Ain Shams University17, Dokuz Eylül University18, Karolinska University Hospital19, Federal University of São Paulo20, Carlos III Health Institute21, University of Copenhagen22, State University of Campinas23, University of São Paulo24, Medical University of Vienna25, Masaryk University26, University of Manitoba27, Istanbul University28, University of British Columbia29, Aalborg University30, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven31, University of Western Ontario32, University of Düsseldorf33, University of Zurich34, University of Calgary35, Geneva College36, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre37, Dalhousie University38, Monash University39, University College London40, Goethe University Frankfurt41, University of St. Gallen42, Université catholique de Louvain43, Medical University of Graz44, University of Melbourne45, Charles University in Prague46, Ghent University Hospital47, Ghent University48, University of Hasselt49, Copenhagen University Hospital50, University of Antwerp51, Karolinska Institutet52
TL;DR: In most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use, and Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries.
Abstract: Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading indicator for liver disease. New treatment options are becoming available, and there is a need to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV. Data for prevalence, viremia, genotype, diagnosis and treatment were obtained through literature searches and expert consensus for 16 countries. For some countries, data from centralized registries were used to estimate diagnosis and treatment rates. Data for the number of liver transplants and the proportion attributable to HCV were obtained from centralized databases. Viremic prevalence estimates varied widely between countries, ranging from 0.3% in Austria, England and Germany to 8.5% in Egypt. The largest viremic populations were in Egypt, with 6,358,000 cases in 2008 and Brazil with 2,106,000 cases in 2007. The age distribution of cases differed between countries. In most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use. Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries. Reliable estimates characterizing HCV-infected populations are critical for addressing HCV-related morbidity and mortality. There is a need to quantify the burden of chronic HCV infection at the national level.
277 citations
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TL;DR: The RSNA Pediatric Bone Age Machine Learning Challenge showed how a coordinated approach to solving a medical imaging problem can be successfully conducted and will catalyze collaboration and development of ML tools and methods that can potentially improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care.
Abstract: Purpose The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Pediatric Bone Age Machine Learning Challenge was created to show an application of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging, promote collaboration to catalyze AI model creation, and identify innovators in medical imaging. Materials and Methods The goal of this challenge was to solicit individuals and teams to create an algorithm or model using ML techniques that would accurately determine skeletal age in a curated data set of pediatric hand radiographs. The primary evaluation measure was the mean absolute distance (MAD) in months, which was calculated as the mean of the absolute values of the difference between the model estimates and those of the reference standard, bone age. Results A data set consisting of 14 236 hand radiographs (12 611 training set, 1425 validation set, 200 test set) was made available to registered challenge participants. A total of 260 individuals or teams registered on the Challenge website. A total of 105 submissions were uploaded from 48 unique users during the training, validation, and test phases. Almost all methods used deep neural network techniques based on one or more convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The best five results based on MAD were 4.2, 4.4, 4.4, 4.5, and 4.5 months, respectively. Conclusion The RSNA Pediatric Bone Age Machine Learning Challenge showed how a coordinated approach to solving a medical imaging problem can be successfully conducted. Future ML challenges will catalyze collaboration and development of ML tools and methods that can potentially improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Siegel in this issue.
277 citations
Authors
Showing all 28240 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Majid Ezzati | 133 | 443 | 137171 |
Christian Guilleminault | 133 | 897 | 68844 |
Jean Rivier | 133 | 769 | 73919 |
Myron M. Levine | 123 | 789 | 60865 |
Werner Seeger | 114 | 1113 | 57464 |
Katherine L. Tucker | 106 | 683 | 39404 |
Michael Bader | 103 | 735 | 37525 |
Paulo A. Lotufo | 89 | 622 | 100527 |
Fernando Q. Cunha | 88 | 682 | 31501 |
Paul R. Sanberg | 87 | 635 | 29745 |
Harold A. Chapman | 87 | 191 | 26617 |
Ricardo T. Gazzinelli | 86 | 340 | 28233 |
Carlito B. Lebrilla | 86 | 495 | 25415 |
Roger S. McIntyre | 85 | 807 | 32040 |
Sergio Tufik | 85 | 1424 | 35174 |