Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai

About: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai is a education organization based out in New York, New York, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Medicine. The organization has 37488 authors who have published 76057 publications receiving 3704104 citations. The organization is also known as: Mount Sinai School of Medicine.

The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) database: the Uniform Data Set.

Abstract: The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) is responsible for developing and maintaining a database of participant information collected from the 29 Alzheimer's Disease Centers (ADCs) funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA). The NIA appointed the ADC Clinical Task Force to determine and define an expanded, standardized clinical data set, called the Uniform Data Set (UDS). The goal of the UDS is to provide ADC researchers a standard set of assessment procedures, collected longitudinally, to better characterize ADC participants with mild Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment in comparison with nondemented controls. NACC implemented the UDS (September 2005) by developing data collection forms for initial and follow-up visits based on Clinical Task Force definitions, a relational database, and a data submission system accessible by all ADCs. The NIA requires ADCs to submit UDS data to NACC for all their Clinical Core participants. Thus, the NACC web site (https://www.alz.washington.edu) was enhanced to provide efficient and secure access data submission and retrieval systems.

Obesity and Diabetes: The Increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality.

Abstract: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, and both are associated with an increased incidence and mortality from many cancers. The metabolic abnormalities associated with type 2 diabetes develop many years before the onset of diabetes and, therefore, may be contributing to cancer risk before individuals are aware that they are at risk. Multiple factors potentially contribute to the progression of cancer in obesity and type 2 diabetes, including hyperinsulinemia and insulin-like growth factor I, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, adipokines and cytokines, and the gut microbiome. These metabolic changes may contribute directly or indirectly to cancer progression. Intentional weight loss may protect against cancer development, and therapies for diabetes may prove to be effective adjuvant agents in reducing cancer progression. In this review we discuss the current epidemiology, basic science, and clinical data that link obesity, diabetes, and cancer and how treating obesity and type 2 diabetes could also reduce cancer risk and improve outcomes.

CT image visual quantitative evaluation and clinical classification of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).

Abstract: To explore the relationship between the imaging manifestations and clinical classification of COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective single-center study on patients with COVID-19 from Jan. 18, 2020 to Feb. 7, 2020 in Zhuhai, China. Patients were divided into 3 types based on Chinese guideline: mild (patients with minimal symptoms and negative CT findings), common, and severe-critical (patients with positive CT findings and different extent of clinical manifestations). CT visual quantitative evaluation was based on summing up the acute lung inflammatory lesions involving each lobe, which was scored as 0 (0%), 1 (1–25%), 2 (26–50%), 3 (51–75%), or 4 (76–100%), respectively. The total severity score (TSS) was reached by summing the five lobe scores. The consistency of two observers was evaluated. The TSS was compared with the clinical classification. ROC was used to test the diagnosis ability of TSS for severe-critical type. This study included 78 patients, 38 males and 40 females. There were 24 mild (30.8%), 46 common (59.0%), and 8 severe-critical (10.2%) cases, respectively. The median TSS of severe-critical-type group was significantly higher than common type (p < 0.001). The ICC value of the two observers was 0.976 (95% CI 0.962–0.985). ROC analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) of TSS for diagnosing severe-critical type was 0.918. The TSS cutoff of 7.5 had 82.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The proportion of clinical mild-type patients with COVID-19 was relatively high; CT was not suitable for independent screening tool. The CT visual quantitative analysis has high consistency and can reflect the clinical classification of COVID-19. • CT visual quantitative evaluation has high consistency (ICC value of 0.976) among the observers. The median TSS of severe-critical type group was significantly higher than common type (p < 0.001). • ROC analysis showed the area under the curve (AUC) of TSS for diagnosing severe-critical type was 0.918 (95% CI 0.843–0.994). The TSS cutoff of 7.5 had 82.6% sensitivity and 100% specificity. • The proportion of confirmed COVID-19 patients with normal chest CT was relatively high (30.8%); CT was not a suitable screening modality

Evolving challenges in hepatic fibrosis

Abstract: The field of hepatic fibrosis enjoys remarkable vitality. As a result, we now have a comprehensive and nuanced portrait of fibrosis progression and regression. In this Review, Scott Friedman provides an update on recent advances in our understanding of the pathways of hepatic fibrosis before considering the key challenges that lie ahead when translating these discoveries into new treatments.

Failure of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder characterized by degeneration of dopamine-containing neurons in the midbrain. In cases of familial PD, mutations that lead to failure of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) have been identified. These genetic abnormalities do not occur in sporadic PD, but we propose that impairment of the UPS could also contribute to neurodegeneration in this disorder. We discuss evidence that failure of the UPS is a common aetiopathogenic factor that underlies the development of familial and sporadic PD, an idea that might help to explain clinical and pathological differences and similarities in these disorders.