IPG Photonics

About: IPG Photonics is a based out in . It is known for research contribution in the topics: Laser & Fiber laser. The organization has 903 authors who have published 1241 publications receiving 63339 citations.

Porosity microstructures of a sandstone affected by a normal fault

Abstract: Normal faults are part of the elements that control fluid flows in sedimentary basins. They can play the role of a barrier or a drain [Hippler, 1993]. These pathways are anisotropic. The aim of this study is to determine the fluid pathways and to characterise the pore network and its role in the transfer properties. Petrophysics, petrographics, geochemical and fluid inclusion studies allow us to characterise a Buntsandstein sandstone affected by a normal fault. This sandstone has a fluviatile origin, field evidenced by fluviatile channels, but also by some clay layers. The fault is located in the north east of France, in the Rhine Graben. The vertical displacement is about 3 meters, and the dip is 70o east. The fractured zone is composed of three compartments (the hanging wall and the footwall separated by a gouge) divided by three main faults (fig. 1). Oriented samples were taken from the three blocks and were studied following the procedure figure 2.

Radiation-induced Defects in Nonradioactive Natural Minerals: Mineralogical and Environmental Significance

Abstract: Natural short-lived radionuclides generate electronic defects in minerals, such as trapped electrons and positive holes, often associated with element impurities, which act as final traps over geological periods. Two main examples will be illustrated. The first example will concern the point defects, which are observed in clay minerals. The high specific surface area makes clay minerals sensitive to the geochemical radiation background and provides a record of the past occurrence of radionuclides in geological systems. In kaolinite, three types of hole-centers are trapped by oxygen atoms linked to Si- or Al-sites. An experimental dosimetry gives the paleodose, which can be used either to assess mean past U-concentration or for kaolinite dating, depending on the available geochemical parameters. The detection of past migrations of radioelements in natural analogues may be used in the safety assessment of radioactive waste disposals. The second example will concern the role of mineral impurities in defect formation and stabilization. Natural fluorites (CaF2) exhibit hole-and electron-centers trapped on several rare earths and oxygen impurities, often present at the ppm level, which are responsible for the wide range of coloration observed in natural fluorites. Ca colloids may form under severe irradiation and give rise to a characteristic absorption. The thermal stability of radiation-induced defects gives constraints on the evolution of fluorites as a function of temperature and time. Other minerals, such as apatite, confirm the importance of impurities in stabilizing radiation- induced defects over geological periods.